---
title: cowboy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cowboy» in the school dictionary: A man, especially in the western USA, who rides a horse and looks after cattle on a ranch. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cowboy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** man, stories, character, worker, person, cowboy · **What happens:** ride, look, wear, be, make, act · **To what, where:** horse, horses, wide hat, quick money, wild reckless way, rules

<!-- .vabout -->
«cowboy» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cowboy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cowboy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A man, especially in the western USA, who rides a horse and looks after cattle on a ranch.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:m1:1
# text = A man, especially in the western USA, who rides a horse and looks after cattle on a ranch.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	rides	ride	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	after	after	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	ranch	ranch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | present | a man in the western USA | a horse |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | present | a man in the western USA *not said here* |  |  |  | after cattle on a ranch |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A character in western films and stories who rides horses, wears a wide hat and boots.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:m2:1
# text = A character in western films and stories who rides horses, wears a wide hat and boots.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	films	film	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	rides	ride	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | present | stories | horses |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |
| 2 | **wear** | present | a character in western films and stories | a wide hat and boots |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, Australia, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A worker or company that does careless, bad or dishonest work, often to make quick money: «cowboy builders».

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:m3:1
# text = A worker or company that does careless, bad or dishonest work, often to make quick money: «cowboy builders».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	careless	careless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	dishonest	dishonest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
17	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a worker or company |  |  |  |  | careless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a worker or company *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive | a worker or company | quick money |  |  |  | cowboy builders *obl*; often *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset money=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who acts in a wild, reckless way and ignores the rules.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:m4:1
# text = A person who acts in a wild, reckless way and ignores the rules.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	acts	act	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	reckless	reckless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	ignores	ignore	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **act** | present | a person |  |  | a wild reckless way |  |  | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **ignore** | present | a person *not said here* | the rules |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cowboy rode his horse across the dusty plain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:x1:1
# text = The cowboy rode his horse across the dusty plain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | the cowboy | cowboy's horse |  | the dusty plain |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent horse=Theme across plain=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother wore a cowboy hat to the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:x2:1
# text = My little brother wore a cowboy hat to the party.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | My little brother | a cowboy hat |  |  |  | to the party | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cowboys drove the cattle to the market town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:x3:1
# text = Cowboys drove the cattle to the market town.
1	Cowboys	cowboy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | Cowboys | the cattle |  | the market town |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme to town=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't hire them — they're a bunch of cowboys who left our roof leaking.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:x4:1
# text = Don't hire them — they're a bunch of cowboys who left our roof leaking.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	hire	hire	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bunch	bunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	cowboys	cowboy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	leaking	leak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **hire** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | they | a bunch |  |  |  | of cowboys | tree rules |
| 3 | **leave** | past | cowboys | our roof |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **leak** | gerund | our roof *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some cowboy builders took the money and never finished the wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:x5:1
# text = Some cowboy builders took the money and never finished the wall.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	finished	finish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | some cowboy builders | the money |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **finish** | past | some cowboy builders *not said here* | the wall |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality wall=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film was about a lonely cowboy and his dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:x6:1
# text = The film was about a lonely cowboy and his dog.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	lonely	lonely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the film | a lonely cowboy and his dog |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop driving like a cowboy, you'll crash!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:x7:1
# text = Stop driving like a cowboy, you'll crash!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	driving	drive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	crash	crash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **drive** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a cowboy | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **crash** | future | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cowboy roped the calf with a lasso.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:x8:1
# text = The cowboy roped the calf with a lasso.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	roped	rope	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lasso	lasso	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rope** | past | the cowboy | the calf |  |  |  | with a lasso | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: agent=Agent calf=Patient with lasso=Instrument |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cowboy and the Gruagach stood by the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cowboy:x9:1
# text = The cowboy and the Gruagach stood by the fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Gruagach	Gruagach	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the cowboy and the Gruagach |  |  |  |  | by the fire | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by fire=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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