---
title: craftiness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «craftiness» in the school dictionary: Cleverness used in a sly way, especially for tricking people. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# craftiness

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**Who acts:** craftiness, king, fox, We · **What happens:** use, trick, make, believe, escape, admire · **To what, where:** Cleverness, sly way, people, king, craftiness, puzzle

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«craftiness» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [craftiness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/craftiness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cleverness used in a sly way, especially for tricking people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:craftiness:m1:1
# text = Cleverness used in a sly way, especially for tricking people.
1	Cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sly	sly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	tricking	trick	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | Cleverness *not said here* |  | a sly way |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **trick** | gerund |  | people |  |  |  | especially *property* | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His craftiness made the king believe him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:craftiness:x1:1
# text = His craftiness made the king believe him.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	craftiness	craftiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | His craftiness | the king |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **believe** | infinitive | the king *not said here* | king |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fox used his craftiness to escape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:craftiness:x2:1
# text = The fox used his craftiness to escape.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	craftiness	craftiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the fox | fox's craftiness |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent craftiness=Patient |
| 2 | **escape** | to-infinitive | the fox *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We admired her craftiness in solving the puzzle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:craftiness:x3:1
# text = We admired her craftiness in solving the puzzle.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	admired	admire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	craftiness	craftiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	solving	solve	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **admire** | past | We | her craftiness |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer craftiness=Stimulus |
| 2 | **solve** | gerund | We *not said here* | the puzzle |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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