---
title: crafty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crafty» in the school dictionary: Crafty means clever at getting what you want by tricks and secret plans; sly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crafty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Crafty, you, crafty fox, He, Toad, crafty weasels · **What happens:** mean, get, want, like, make, trick · **To what, where:** crafts, crow, crafty smile, crafty plan, Toad Hall, crafty way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«crafty» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crafty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crafty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crafty means clever at getting what you want by tricks and secret plans; sly.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crafty:m1:1
# text = Crafty means clever at getting what you want by tricks and secret plans; sly.
1	Crafty	crafty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	obj	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	tricks	trick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	plans	plan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	sly	sly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Crafty |  |  |  |  | clever, sly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **get** | gerund | Crafty *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **want** | present | you |  |  |  |  | by tricks and secret plans | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crafty can mean liking or good at making crafts by hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crafty:m2:1
# text = Crafty can mean liking or good at making crafts by hand.
1	Crafty	Crafty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	liking	like	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
9	crafts	craft	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Crafty |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **like** *not said to happen* | gerund | Crafty *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | Crafty *not said here* | crafts |  |  |  | by hand | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset craft=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crafty fox tricked the crow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crafty:x1:1
# text = The crafty fox tricked the crow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	crafty	crafty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tricked	trick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trick** | past | the crafty fox | the crow |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crow=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gave a crafty smile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crafty:x2:1
# text = He gave a crafty smile.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	crafty	crafty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | He | a crafty smile |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smile=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad made a crafty plan to escape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crafty:x3:1
# text = Toad made a crafty plan to escape.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	crafty	crafty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Toad | a crafty plan |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plan=Product |
| 2 | **escape** | to-infinitive | Toad *not said here* | a crafty plan *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crafty weasels took over Toad Hall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crafty:x4:1
# text = The crafty weasels took over Toad Hall.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	crafty	crafty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	weasels	weasel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Hall	Hall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the crafty weasels |  |  | Toad Hall |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That was a crafty way to win the game!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crafty:x5:1
# text = That was a crafty way to win the game!
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	crafty	crafty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | That | a crafty way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **win** | to-infinitive |  | the game |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran is very crafty — she knits and sews everything.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crafty:x6:1
# text = Gran is very crafty — she knits and sews everything.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	crafty	crafty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	knits	knit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sews	sew	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Gran |  |  |  |  | crafty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **knit** | present | Gran |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sew** | present | Gran *not said here* | everything |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So, with a crafty and evil smile upon his face, he spoke as follows:

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crafty:x7:1
# text = So, with a crafty and evil smile upon his face, he spoke as follows:
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	crafty	crafty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | he |  |  |  |  | with a crafty smile upon his face | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with smile=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **follow** | present | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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