---
title: crank — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crank» in the school dictionary: A handle or bar bent at a right angle that you turn round and round to make a machine work, like on an old car engine, a pencil sharpener or a jack-in-the-box. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crank

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, person, crank, Earth, drivers, bike · **What happens:** bend, turn, make, fix, not listen, think · **To what, where:** bar, right angle, handle, machine work, evidence, crank · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«crank» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crank in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crank.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A handle or bar bent at a right angle that you turn round and round to make a machine work, like on an old car engine, a pencil sharpener or a jack-in-the-box.

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:m1:1
# text = A handle or bar bent at a right angle that you turn round and round to make a machine work, like on an old car engine, a pencil sharpener or a jack-in-the-box.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	bent	bend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	angle	angle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
13	round	round	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	round	round	ADV	RB	_	13	conj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	like	like	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	sharpener	sharpener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
32	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
34	jack	jack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | participle |  | bar *not said here* |  | a right angle |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at angle=Location |
| 2 | **turn** | present | you | a handle or bar |  |  |  | round *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent that=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a machine work |  |  |  | like a old car engine and a pencil sharpener or a box | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset work=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person with strange, fixed ideas who will not listen to evidence: «a crank who thinks the Earth is flat».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:m2:1
# text = A person with strange, fixed ideas who will not listen to evidence: «a crank who thinks the Earth is flat».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	crank	crank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **listen** | future | a person with strange and fixed ideas | evidence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | a crank |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the Earth |  |  |  |  | flat *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun, US, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grumpy, bad-tempered person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:m3:1
# text = A grumpy, bad-tempered person.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	grumpy	grumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	tempered	temper	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **temper** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To turn a crank to start or move something: «crank the handle».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:m4:1
# text = To turn a crank to start or move something: «crank the handle».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	crank	crank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	crank	crank	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	appos	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | to-infinitive |  | a crank |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent crank=Theme |
| 2 | **start** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **move** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 4 | **crank** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the handle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crank up: to turn up the volume, heat or power: «crank up the music».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:m5:1
# text = Crank up: to turn up the volume, heat or power: «crank up the music».
1	Crank	crank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	volume	volume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	crank	crank	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
16	up	up	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn up** | to-infinitive | Crank | the volume and heat or power |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location volume=Theme |
| 2 | **crank up** *in a quote* | infinitive | Crank *not said here* | the music |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang, US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crank: a slang name for an illegal drug (methamphetamine) — dangerous and against the law.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:m6:1
# text = Crank: a slang name for an illegal drug (methamphetamine) — dangerous and against the law.
1	Crank	crank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	illegal	illegal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	drug	drug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	methamphetamine	methamphetamine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
14	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	against	against	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old days, drivers had to crank the engine by hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:x1:1
# text = In the old days, drivers had to crank the engine by hand.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	crank	crank	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | drivers |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **crank** | to-infinitive | drivers *not said here* | the engine |  |  |  | by hand | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pedals of a bike are attached to cranks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:x2:1
# text = The pedals of a bike are attached to cranks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pedals	pedal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	attached	attach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	cranks	crank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attach** | present · passive |  | the pedals of a bike |  |  |  | to cranks | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to crank=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **pedal** |  | a bike |  |  |  |  |  | nom pedal «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn the crank and the music box plays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:x3:1
# text = Turn the crank and the music box plays.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	crank	crank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | imperative | you *not said here* | the crank |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent crank=Theme |
| 2 | **play** | present | the music box |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you crank up the heating? It's freezing.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Can you crank up the heating?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:x4:1
# text = Can you crank up the heating?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crank	crank	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	heating	heating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crank up** | can | you | the heating |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It's freezing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:x4:2
# text = It's freezing.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	freezing	freeze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | present · progressive | heating |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some cranks still claim the Earth is flat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:x5:1
# text = Some cranks still claim the Earth is flat.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	cranks	crank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	claim	claim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **claim** *speech: other* | present | some cranks |  |  |  | still |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the Earth |  |  |  |  | flat *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa is a bit of a crank before his morning coffee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:x6:1
# text = Grandpa is a bit of a crank before his morning coffee.
1	Grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	crank	crank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Grandpa | a bit |  |  |  | of a crank before his morning coffee | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The factory cranks out thousands of toys a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:x7:1
# text = The factory cranks out thousands of toys a day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cranks	crank	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crank out** | present | the factory | thousands of toys |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't make crank calls; it is mean and can be illegal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crank:x8:1
# text = Don't make crank calls; it is mean and can be illegal.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	crank	crank	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	calls	call	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
13	illegal	illegal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **make** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | crank calls |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset call=Product |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | mean *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | can |  |  |  |  |  | illegal *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)