---
title: crash — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crash» in the school dictionary: A crash is an accident when a vehicle hits something hard. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crash

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** crash, vehicle, computer, you, car, We · **What happens:** be, hit, fall, break, crash, stop · **To what, where:** accident, something, sudden loud noise, tree, crash, kitchen

<!-- .vabout -->
«crash» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crash in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crash.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crash is an accident when a vehicle hits something hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crash:m1:1
# text = A crash is an accident when a vehicle hits something hard.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	hits	hit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a crash | a accident |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hit** | present | a vehicle | something |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crash is a sudden loud noise of something falling or breaking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crash:m2:1
# text = A crash is a sudden loud noise of something falling or breaking.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod	_	_
10	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a crash | a sudden loud noise |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **break** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crash is to hit something hard, or to fall with a loud noise.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crash:m3:1
# text = To crash is to hit something hard, or to fall with a loud noise.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crash	crash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hit	hit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crash** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hit *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with a loud noise | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When a computer crashes, it suddenly stops working.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crash:m4:1
# text = When a computer crashes, it suddenly stops working.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	crashes	crash	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crash** | present | a computer |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** | present | computer |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **work** | gerund | computer *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crash can mean to fall asleep very quickly because you are tired (informal).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crash:m5:1
# text = To crash can mean to fall asleep very quickly because you are tired (informal).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | crash |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **fall** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | crash *not said here* |  |  |  |  | asleep, quickly *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car crashed into a tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crash:x1:1
# text = The car crashed into a tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crashed	crash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crash** | past | the car |  |  |  |  | into a tree *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into tree=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard a crash from the kitchen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crash:x2:1
# text = We heard a crash from the kitchen.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | a crash |  | the kitchen |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent crash=Topic from kitchen=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The waves crashed against the rocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crash:x3:1
# text = The waves crashed against the rocks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crashed	crash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crash** | past | the waves |  |  | the rocks |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against rock=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My computer crashed and I lost my work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crash:x4:1
# text = My computer crashed and I lost my work.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crashed	crash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crash** | past | My computer |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **lose** | past | I | my work |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |
| 3 | **work** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear a helmet in case you crash your bike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crash:x5:1
# text = Wear a helmet in case you crash your bike.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	7	mark	_	_
5	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	fixed	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	crash	crash	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | a helmet |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme |
| 2 | **crash** | present | you | your bike |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plane made a crash landing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crash:x6:1
# text = The plane made a crash landing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	_	6	compound	_	_
6	landing	landing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the plane | a crash landing |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset landing=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the trip I crashed on the sofa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crash:x7:1
# text = After the trip I crashed on the sofa.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	crashed	crash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crash** | past | I |  |  | the sofa | after the trip |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on sofa=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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