---
title: crawl — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crawl» in the school dictionary: To crawl is to move on your hands and knees, as babies do. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crawl

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** babies, insects, crawling, crawl, arms, baby · **What happens:** crawl, be, do, move, mean, go · **To what, where:** hands, ground, fast swimming stroke, head, smoke, caterpillar · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«crawl» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crawl in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crawl.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crawl is to move on your hands and knees, as babies do.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:m1:1
# text = To crawl is to move on your hands and knees, as babies do.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crawl	crawl	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crawl** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | your hands and knees |  | move *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | present | babies |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crawl is how insects, worms and snakes move along the ground slowly.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:m2:1
# text = To crawl is how insects, worms and snakes move along the ground slowly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crawl	crawl	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
5	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	worms	worm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
10	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	along	along	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crawl** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **move** | present | insects and worms and snakes |  |  | the ground |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme along ground=Trajectory |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crawl means to go very slowly, like traffic in a jam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:m3:1
# text = To crawl means to go very slowly, like traffic in a jam.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crawl	crawl	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crawl** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | like traffic in a jam; slowly *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be crawling with something means to be full of crawling creatures or people.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:m4:1
# text = To be crawling with something means to be full of crawling creatures or people.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux	_	_
3	crawling	crawl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	csubj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	crawling	crawling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crawl** | to-infinitive · progressive |  |  |  |  |  | with something | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with something=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | crawling |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of crawling creatures or people; full *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crawl, or front crawl, is a fast swimming stroke with arms going over the head one at a time.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:m5:1
# text = The crawl, or front crawl, is a fast swimming stroke with arms going over the head one at a time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crawl	crawl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	front	front	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	crawl	crawl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	stroke	stroke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	flat	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the crawl or front crawl | a fast swimming stroke |  |  |  | with arms | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | arms *not said here* |  |  | the head | time |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme over head=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby is learning to crawl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:x1:1
# text = The baby is learning to crawl.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	crawl	crawl	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present · progressive | the baby |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **crawl** | to-infinitive | the baby *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If there's smoke, crawl low under it to get out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:x2:1
# text = If there's smoke, crawl low under it to get out.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
4	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	crawl	crawl	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	low	low	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
12	out	out	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | smoke |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **crawl** | present |  |  |  | smoke |  | low *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under it=Trajectory |
| 3 | **get out** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn withdraw-82-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A caterpillar crawled across the leaf.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:x3:1
# text = A caterpillar crawled across the leaf.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caterpillar	caterpillar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	crawled	crawl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crawl** | participle |  | a caterpillar *not said here* |  | the leaf |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across leaf=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Traffic crawled along the motorway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:x4:1
# text = Traffic crawled along the motorway.
1	Traffic	Traffic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crawled	crawl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	along	along	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	motorway	motorway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crawl** | past | Traffic |  |  | the motorway |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along motorway=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kitchen was crawling with ants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:x5:1
# text = The kitchen was crawling with ants.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	crawling	crawl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crawl** | past · progressive | the kitchen |  |  |  |  | with ants | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with ant=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can swim fifty metres of front crawl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:x6:1
# text = I can swim fifty metres of front crawl.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	front	front	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	crawl	crawl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | can | I | fifty metres of front crawl |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme metre=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We crawled through the tunnel in the playground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:x7:1
# text = We crawled through the tunnel in the playground.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crawled	crawl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crawl** | past | We |  |  | the tunnel |  | in the playground | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through tunnel=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The last lesson before the holidays crawled by.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:x8:1
# text = The last lesson before the holidays crawled by.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	crawled	crawl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crawl** | participle |  | the holidays *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The place is crawling with them,” said he.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crawl:x9:1
# text = The place is crawling with them,” said he.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	crawling	crawl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crawl** | present · progressive | the place |  |  |  |  | with them *= they* | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with they=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | place |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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