---
title: crayon — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crayon» in the school dictionary: A crayon is a stick of coloured wax for drawing and colouring. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crayon

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**Who acts:** crayon, Paul, He, box, I, Crayons · **What happens:** be, crayon, colour, have, give, lose · **To what, where:** stick, 110 crayons, 90 crayons, friends, 12 crayons, 8 crayons

<!-- .vabout -->
«crayon» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crayon in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crayon.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crayon is a stick of coloured wax for drawing and colouring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crayon:m1:1
# text = A crayon is a stick of coloured wax for drawing and colouring.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crayon	crayon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	wax	wax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	colouring	colouring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a crayon | a stick |  |  |  | of coloured wax for drawing and colouring | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crayon is to draw or colour with crayons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crayon:m2:1
# text = To crayon is to draw or colour with crayons.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crayon	crayon	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	draw	draw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	colour	colour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	crayons	crayon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crayon** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | draw *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **colour** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with crayons | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paul had 110 crayons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crayon:x1:1
# text = Paul had 110 crayons.
1	Paul	Paul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	110	110	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	crayons	crayon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Paul | 110 crayons |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crayon=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gave 90 crayons to his friends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crayon:x2:1
# text = He gave 90 crayons to his friends.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	90	90	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	crayons	crayon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | He | 90 crayons | his friends |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent crayon=Theme to friend=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He lost 12 crayons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crayon:x3:1
# text = He lost 12 crayons.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	crayons	crayon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | He | 12 crayons |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crayon=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each box has 8 crayons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crayon:x4:1
# text = Each box has 8 crayons.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	crayons	crayon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each box | 8 crayons |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crayon=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I coloured the sun with a yellow crayon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crayon:x5:1
# text = I coloured the sun with a yellow crayon.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	coloured	colour	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	crayon	crayon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colour** | past | I | the sun |  |  |  | with a yellow crayon | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crayons melt if you leave them in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crayon:x6:1
# text = Crayons melt if you leave them in the sun.
1	Crayons	crayon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	melt	melt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present | Crayons |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **leave** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | Crayons *= crayon* |  | the sun. |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme in sun.=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Share the crayons with your table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crayon:x7:1
# text = Share the crayons with your table.
1	Share	share	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	crayons	crayon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | imperative | you *not said here* | the crayons |  |  |  | with your table | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little sister drew on the wall with a crayon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crayon:x8:1
# text = My little sister drew on the wall with a crayon.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	crayon	crayon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | My little sister |  |  | the wall |  | with a crayon | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on wall=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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