---
title: creole — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «creole» in the school dictionary: A language that grew from a mix of two or more languages and became the first language of a group of people, such as Haitian Creole or Jamaican Patois. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# creole

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** language, millions, creole, Jamaican Patois, We, Many creoles · **What happens:** grow, become, mix, speak, be, rule · **To what, where:** first language, Haitian Creole, real language, based creole, Creole jambalaya, New Orleans · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«creole» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [creole in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/creole.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A language that grew from a mix of two or more languages and became the first language of a group of people, such as Haitian Creole or Jamaican Patois.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:creole:m1:1
# text = A language that grew from a mix of two or more languages and became the first language of a group of people, such as Haitian Creole or Jamaican Patois.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mix	mix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	conj	_	_
12	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	17	amod	_	_
17	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	xcomp	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	27	case	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	fixed	_	_
26	Haitian	haitian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	Creole	Creole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	Jamaican	Jamaican	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	Patois	Patois	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | a language |  |  |  |  | from a mix of two languages | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from mix=Patient |
| 2 | **become** | past | a language *not said here* | the first language of a group of people such Haitian Creole or Jamaican Patois |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person of mixed European and African or local descent in the Caribbean or Louisiana.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:creole:m2:1
# text = A person of mixed European and African or local descent in the Caribbean or Louisiana.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
4	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
5	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
10	descent	descent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Caribbean	Caribbean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Louisiana	Louisiana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Creole cooking: spicy food from Louisiana in the USA, with rice, peppers and seafood.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:creole:m3:1
# text = Creole cooking: spicy food from Louisiana in the USA, with rice, peppers and seafood.
1	Creole	creole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	cooking	cooking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	spicy	spicy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Louisiana	Louisiana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	rice	rice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	peppers	pepper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	seafood	seafood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Haitian Creole is spoken by millions of people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:creole:x1:1
# text = Haitian Creole is spoken by millions of people.
1	Haitian	haitian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Creole	Creole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | millions of people | Haitian Creole |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A creole is a real language with its own rules.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:creole:x2:1
# text = A creole is a real language with its own rules.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	creole	creole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a creole | a real language |  |  |  | with creole's own rules | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** |  | creole |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jamaican Patois is an English-based creole.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:creole:x3:1
# text = Jamaican Patois is an English-based creole.
1	Jamaican	Jamaican	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Patois	Patois	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	creole	creole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **base** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Jamaican Patois | a based creole |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We ate Creole jambalaya in New Orleans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:creole:x4:1
# text = We ate Creole jambalaya in New Orleans.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Creole	creole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	jambalaya	jambalaya	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	New	New	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Orleans	Orleans	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | We | Creole jambalaya |  | New Orleans |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jambalaya=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many creoles grew up in the Caribbean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:creole:x5:1
# text = Many creoles grew up in the Caribbean.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	creoles	creole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Caribbean	Caribbean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow up** | past | Many creoles |  |  | the Caribbean |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in caribbean=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tok Pisin, a creole, is spoken in Papua New Guinea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:creole:x6:1
# text = Tok Pisin, a creole, is spoken in Papua New Guinea.
1	Tok	Tok	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	Pisin	Pisin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	creole	creole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	Papua	Papua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
11	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Guinea	Guinea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | Tok |  | Papua New Guinea |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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