---
title: crepuscular — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crepuscular» in the school dictionary: Active mainly at twilight, at dawn and dusk, rather than in the day or night: «Rabbits and deer are crepuscular». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crepuscular

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Rabbits, beams, you, Deer, cat, Bats · **What happens:** be, shine, see, beam, come out, stream · **To what, where:** gaps, clouds, sunlight, Rabbits, Crepuscular rays

<!-- .vabout -->
«crepuscular» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crepuscular in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crepuscular.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Active mainly at twilight, at dawn and dusk, rather than in the day or night: «Rabbits and deer are crepuscular».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crepuscular:m1:1
# text = Active mainly at twilight, at dawn and dusk, rather than in the day or night: «Rabbits and deer are crepuscular».
1	Active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	twilight	twilight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	15	cc	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Rabbits and deer |  |  |  |  | crepuscular *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, literary — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of or like twilight; dim and half-dark: «the crepuscular light».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crepuscular:m2:1
# text = Of or like twilight; dim and half-dark: «the crepuscular light».
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	twilight	twilight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	dim	dim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crepuscular rays: beams of sunlight shining through gaps in clouds, often seen at sunrise or sunset.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crepuscular:m3:1
# text = Crepuscular rays: beams of sunlight shining through gaps in clouds, often seen at sunrise or sunset.
1	Crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	beams	beam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	gaps	gap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	sunrise	sunrise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | gerund | beams of sunlight *not said here* |  |  | gaps in clouds |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through gap=Location |
| 2 | **see** | participle |  | clouds *not said here* |  |  | sunrise | often *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **beam** |  |  | sunlight |  |  |  |  | nom beam «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rabbits are crepuscular, so you often see them at dusk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crepuscular:x1:1
# text = Rabbits are crepuscular, so you often see them at dusk.
1	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Rabbits |  |  |  |  | crepuscular *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | present | you | Rabbits *= rabbit* |  |  | dusk | often *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deer come out at dawn and dusk because they are crepuscular.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crepuscular:x2:1
# text = Deer come out at dawn and dusk because they are crepuscular.
1	Deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come out** | present | Deer |  |  |  | dawn | out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | Deer |  |  |  |  | crepuscular *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crepuscular rays streamed through the clouds at sunset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crepuscular:x3:1
# text = Crepuscular rays streamed through the clouds at sunset.
1	Crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	streamed	stream	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stream** | participle |  | Crepuscular rays *not said here* |  | the clouds at sunset |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through cloud=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cat is most playful at dawn: it's crepuscular.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crepuscular:x4:1
# text = My cat is most playful at dawn: it's crepuscular.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	playful	playful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My cat |  |  |  | dawn | playful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | cat |  |  |  |  | crepuscular *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats are nocturnal, but many moths are crepuscular.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crepuscular:x5:1
# text = Bats are nocturnal, but many moths are crepuscular.
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	nocturnal	nocturnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	moths	moth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bats |  |  |  |  | nocturnal *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | many moths |  |  |  |  | crepuscular *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The forest was full of crepuscular light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crepuscular:x6:1
# text = The forest was full of crepuscular light.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the forest |  |  |  |  | of crepuscular light; full *property* | tree rules |

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