---
title: cress — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cress» in the school dictionary: A small plant with tiny green leaves that taste peppery, eaten in salads and sandwiches; watercress grows in water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cress

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tiny green leaves, small plant, We, cress, Egg sandwiches, Watercress · **What happens:** taste, eat, grow, be, flow, adorn · **To what, where:** salads, water, cress, wet cotton wool, little bit, clean

<!-- .vabout -->
«cress» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cress in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cress.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small plant with tiny green leaves that taste peppery, eaten in salads and sandwiches; watercress grows in water.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cress:m1:1
# text = A small plant with tiny green leaves that taste peppery, eaten in salads and sandwiches; watercress grows in water.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	taste	taste	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	peppery	peppery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	salads	salad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	sandwiches	sandwich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	watercress	watercress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** | present | tiny green leaves |  |  |  |  | peppery *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **eat** | participle | tiny green leaves *not said here* |  |  | salads and sandwiches |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **grow** | present | a small plant with tiny green leaves |  |  | water |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We grew cress on wet cotton wool in an eggshell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cress:x1:1
# text = We grew cress on wet cotton wool in an eggshell.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cress	cress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	eggshell	eggshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | We | cress |  | wet cotton wool in a eggshell |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cress=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cress grew towards the window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cress:x2:1
# text = The cress grew towards the window.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cress	cress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | the cress |  |  |  |  | towards the window | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Egg and cress sandwiches are my favourite.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cress:x3:1
# text = Egg and cress sandwiches are my favourite.
1	Egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	cress	cress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	sandwiches	sandwich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Egg sandwiches |  |  |  |  | favourite *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cress tastes a little bit peppery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cress:x4:1
# text = Cress tastes a little bit peppery.
1	Cress	cress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tastes	taste	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	peppery	peppery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** | present | Cress | a little bit |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme bit=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cress in the dark cupboard grew pale and yellow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cress:x5:1
# text = Cress in the dark cupboard grew pale and yellow.
1	Cress	cress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cupboard	cupboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Cress in the dark cupboard |  |  |  |  | pale *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Watercress grows in clean, flowing streams.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cress:x6:1
# text = Watercress grows in clean, flowing streams.
1	Watercress	watercress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Watercress |  |  | clean |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in clean=Location |
| 2 | **flow** | gerund | Watercress *not said here* | streams |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location stream=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In her solitude my old maid was always busy at the window, which was adorned in summer with pretty flowers, and in winter with cress, grown upon felt.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cress:x7:1
# text = In her solitude my old maid was always busy at the window, which was adorned in summer with pretty flowers, and in winter with cress, grown upon felt.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	solitude	solitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	maid	maid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	_
9	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	adorned	adorn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	pretty	pretty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	cress	cress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
29	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
30	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	felt	felt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | my old maid |  |  | her solitude |  | at the window; always, busy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **adorn** | past · passive |  | the window |  |  | summer | with pretty flowers | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with flower=Theme |
| 3 | **grow** | participle | my old maid *not said here* |  |  | felt | winter |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon felt=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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