---
title: crest — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crest» in the school dictionary: A crest is a bunch of feathers, fur or skin on the top of an animal's head, like a cockatoo's crest or a rooster's comb. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crest

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** crest, cockatoo, We, school crest, surfer, shield · **What happens:** be, badge, crest, mean, raise, reach · **To what, where:** bunch, top, special picture, family, successful, yellow crest

<!-- .vabout -->
«crest» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crest in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crest.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crest is a bunch of feathers, fur or skin on the top of an animal's head, like a cockatoo's crest or a rooster's comb.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:m1:1
# text = A crest is a bunch of feathers, fur or skin on the top of an animal's head, like a cockatoo's crest or a rooster's comb.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bunch	bunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	like	like	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	cockatoo	cockatoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	's	's	PART	POS	_	23	case	_	_
25	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	rooster	rooster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	's	's	PART	POS	_	28	case	_	_
30	comb	comb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a crest | a bunch and fur on the top of a animal's head or skin and a cockatoo's crest or a rooster's comb |  |  |  | of feathers | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crest of a hill or wave is its top.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:m2:1
# text = The crest of a hill or wave is its top.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the crest of a hill or wave | crest's top |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crest is a special picture or badge of a family, school, team or town.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:m3:1
# text = A crest is a special picture or badge of a family, school, team or town.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	badge	badge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a crest | a special picture or badge of a family and school and team or town |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **badge** |  |  | a family |  |  |  |  | nom badge «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crest is to reach the top of a hill or wave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:m4:1
# text = To crest is to reach the top of a hill or wave.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crest	crest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crest** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | reach *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«On the crest of a wave» means very successful at the moment.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:m5:1
# text = «On the crest of a wave» means very successful at the moment.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	successful	successful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obj	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the crest of a wave | successful |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent successful=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cockatoo raised its yellow crest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:x1:1
# text = The cockatoo raised its yellow crest.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cockatoo	cockatoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | the cockatoo | cockatoo's yellow crest |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crest=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We reached the crest of the hill and saw the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:x2:1
# text = We reached the crest of the hill and saw the sea.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | We | the crest of the hill |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent crest=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | We *not said here* | the sea |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sea=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school crest has a lion and a book on it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:x3:1
# text = Our school crest has a lion and a book on it.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our school crest | a lion and a book on book |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The surfer rode the crest of the wave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:x4:1
# text = The surfer rode the crest of the wave.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	surfer	surfer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | the surfer | the crest of the wave |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crest=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight's shield showed his family crest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:x5:1
# text = The knight's shield showed his family crest.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the knight's shield | his family crest |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent crest=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river crested after days of rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:x6:1
# text = The river crested after days of rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crested	crest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crest** | past | the river |  |  |  | day |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a wave, the crest is the top and the trough is the bottom.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:x7:1
# text = In a wave, the crest is the top and the trough is the bottom.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	trough	trough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the crest | the top and the bottom |  | a wave |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the trough | the bottom |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How she lifts her crest, the ugly, spiteful creature!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crest:x8:1
# text = How she lifts her crest, the ugly, spiteful creature!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lifts	lift	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	ugly	ugly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	spiteful	spiteful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | present | she | her crest |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crest=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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