---
title: crested — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crested» in the school dictionary: A crested bird or animal has a crest: a tuft of feathers, fur or skin on top of its head. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/crested/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / crested

# crested

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** crested bird, great crested grebe, crested newt, Cockatoos, crested penguin, crested lizard · **What happens:** have, crest, describe, top, dance, live · **To what, where:** crest, things, wave, lake, pond, crested parrots

<!-- .vabout -->
«crested» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crested in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crested.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crested bird or animal has a crest: a tuft of feathers, fur or skin on top of its head.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crested:m1:1
# text = A crested bird or animal has a crest: a tuft of feathers, fur or skin on top of its head.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	crested	crested	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tuft	tuft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a crested bird or animal | a crest |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crest=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crested describes things with a decoration or badge (a crest) on them, as in crested notepaper or a crested blazer.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crested:m2:1
# text = Crested describes things with a decoration or badge (a crest) on them, as in crested notepaper or a crested blazer.
1	Crested	crest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	mark	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	decoration	decoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	badge	badge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	crested	crest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	amod	_	_
19	notepaper	notepaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	crested	crest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	amod	_	_
23	blazer	blazer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crest** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **describe** | present |  | things |  |  |  | with a decoration on decoration or badge; as crested notepaper or a crested blazer | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent thing=Theme as notepaper=Attribute |
| 3 | **crest** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **crest** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crested can also mean topped with something, such as a wave crested with white foam.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crested:m3:1
# text = Crested can also mean topped with something, such as a wave crested with white foam.
1	Crested	crest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	mark	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	topped	top	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
13	crested	crest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crest** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **top** | can · passive |  |  |  |  |  | with something | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: with something=Theme |
| 3 | **crest** | participle |  | a wave *not said here* |  |  |  | with white foam | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The great crested grebe dances on the lake in spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crested:x1:1
# text = The great crested grebe dances on the lake in spring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	crested	crested	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	grebe	grebe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	dances	dance	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dance** | present | the great crested grebe |  |  | the lake | spring |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on lake=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crested newt lives in the pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crested:x2:1
# text = A crested newt lives in the pond.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	crested	crested	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	newt	newt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | a crested newt |  |  | the pond |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pond=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cockatoos are crested parrots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crested:x3:1
# text = Cockatoos are crested parrots.
1	Cockatoos	cockatoo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	crested	crest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	parrots	parrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crest** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Cockatoos | crested parrots |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crested penguin has yellow feathers above its eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crested:x4:1
# text = The crested penguin has yellow feathers above its eyes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	crested	crested	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	penguin	penguin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	above	above	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the crested penguin | yellow feathers |  | penguin's eyes |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school jumper is crested with an owl badge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crested:x5:1
# text = Our school jumper is crested with an owl badge.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	crested	crest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	owl	owl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	badge	badge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crest** | present · passive |  | Our school jumper |  |  |  | with a owl badge | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crested lizard raised its frill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crested:x6:1
# text = The crested lizard raised its frill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	crested	crested	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	frill	frill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | participle | the crested lizard *not said here* | lizard's frill |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frill=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The waves rose high, crested with white foam, and the wind cut off their crests, scattering the foam far and wide.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crested:x7:1
# text = The waves rose high, crested with white foam, and the wind cut off their crests, scattering the foam far and wide.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	crested	crest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
14	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	off	off	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	crests	crest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	scattering	scatter	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | past | the waves | the wind |  |  |  | high *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **crest** | participle | the waves *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with white foam | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cut off** | participle | the wind *not said here* | waves's crests |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector crest=Eventuality |
| 4 | **scatter** | gerund | the waves *not said here* | the foam |  |  |  | far *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent foam=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [crest](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/crest/)
- next →: [cretaceous](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cretaceous/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)