---
title: crinkle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crinkle» in the school dictionary: To crinkle means to form many small folds or lines, or to make something do that. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crinkle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, crinkle, She, eyes, he, Old paper · **What happens:** crinkle, mean, form, make, do, be · **To what, where:** many small folds, something, that, small fold, soft crackling sound, nose · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«crinkle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crinkle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crinkle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crinkle means to form many small folds or lines, or to make something do that.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crinkle:m1:1
# text = To crinkle means to form many small folds or lines, or to make something do that.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crinkle	crinkle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	form	form	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	folds	fold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
15	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	obj	_	_
16	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crinkle** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **form** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | many small folds or lines |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fold=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | infinitive | something *not said here* | that |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crinkle is a small fold or line, like in paper or skin.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crinkle:m2:1
# text = A crinkle is a small fold or line, like in paper or skin.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crinkle	crinkle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fold	fold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a crinkle | a small fold or line and paper or skin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crinkle can mean to make a soft crackling sound, like a crisp packet.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crinkle:m3:1
# text = To crinkle can mean to make a soft crackling sound, like a crisp packet.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crinkle	crinkle	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	crackling	crackling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	crisp	crisp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	packet	packet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can · infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a soft crackling sound and a crisp packet |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She crinkled her nose at the smell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crinkle:x1:1
# text = She crinkled her nose at the smell.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crinkled	crinkle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crinkle** | past | She | her nose |  | the smell |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent nose=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His eyes crinkled when he laughed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crinkle:x2:1
# text = His eyes crinkled when he laughed.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crinkled	crinkle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crinkle** | past | His eyes |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **laugh** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sweet wrapper crinkled in my hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crinkle:x3:1
# text = The sweet wrapper crinkled in my hand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wrapper	wrapper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	crinkled	crinkle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crinkle** | participle |  | the sweet wrapper *not said here* |  | my hand |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old paper crinkles when it gets wet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crinkle:x4:1
# text = Old paper crinkles when it gets wet.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crinkles	crinkle	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crinkle** | present | Old paper |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **get** | present | paper |  |  |  |  | wet *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We bought crinkle-cut chips.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crinkle:x5:1
# text = We bought crinkle-cut chips.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	crinkle	crinkle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	chips	chip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | We | cut chips |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chip=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were tiny crinkles in the tissue paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crinkle:x6:1
# text = There were tiny crinkles in the tissue paper.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	crinkles	crinkle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	tissue	tissue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | tiny crinkles in the tissue paper |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa's face crinkled into a smile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crinkle:x7:1
# text = Grandpa's face crinkled into a smile.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	crinkled	crinkle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crinkle** | participle |  | Grandpa's face *not said here* |  |  |  | into a smile *result* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent into smile=Result |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leaves crinkled under our feet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crinkle:x8:1
# text = The leaves crinkled under our feet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	crinkled	crinkle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crinkle** | participle |  | the leaves *not said here* |  | our feet |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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