---
title: crippled — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crippled» in the school dictionary: Unable to walk or use part of the body properly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crippled

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**Who acts:** it, crippled beggar, old tree, crippled boat · **What happens:** walk, use, damage, not work, sit, cripple · **To what, where:** part, little, harbour

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«crippled» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crippled in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crippled.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unable to walk or use part of the body properly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crippled:m1:1
# text = Unable to walk or use part of the body properly.
1	Unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | infinitive |  | part of the body |  |  |  | properly *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Badly damaged, so that it cannot work well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crippled:m2:1
# text = Badly damaged, so that it cannot work well.
1	Badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
10	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **work** | can | it |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crippled beggar sat by the gate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crippled:x1:1
# text = The crippled beggar sat by the gate.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	crippled	crippled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	beggar	beggar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the crippled beggar |  |  |  |  | by the gate | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by gate=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old tree, a little crippled by age, still stood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crippled:x2:1
# text = An old tree, a little crippled by age, still stood.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	crippled	cripple	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	still	still	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cripple** | participle | a old tree *not said here* | a little |  |  | by age |  | vn orphan-29.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stand** | past | a old tree |  |  |  | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crippled boat limped back to the harbour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crippled:x3:1
# text = The crippled boat limped back to the harbour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	crippled	crippled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	limped	limp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **limp back** | past | the crippled boat |  |  | the harbour |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to harbour=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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