---
title: croissant — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «croissant» in the school dictionary: A soft, flaky, buttery bread roll shaped like a crescent (a curved moon), first made famous in France and eaten for breakfast. In French, croissant also means crescent or growing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# croissant

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** croissant, I, we · **What happens:** shape, curve, make, eat, mean, grow · **To what, where:** soft flaky buttery bread roll, France, warm croissant, crumbs, croissants, Paris

<!-- .vabout -->
«croissant» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [croissant in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/croissant.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A soft, flaky, buttery bread roll shaped like a crescent (a curved moon), first made famous in France and eaten for breakfast. In French, croissant also means crescent or growing.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A soft, flaky, buttery bread roll shaped like a crescent (a curved moon), first made famous in France and eaten for breakfast.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croissant:m1:1
# text = A soft, flaky, buttery bread roll shaped like a crescent (a curved moon), first made famous in France and eaten for breakfast.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
2	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	flaky	flaky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	buttery	buttery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	crescent	crescent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	20	advmod	_	_
20	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
21	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	xcomp	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  | a soft flaky buttery bread roll *not said here* |  |  |  | like a crescent | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | a soft flaky buttery bread roll *not said here* |  | France |  | famous, first *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **eat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for breakfast | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* In French, croissant also means crescent or growing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croissant:m1:2
# text = In French, croissant also means crescent or growing.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	croissant	croissant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	crescent	crescent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | croissant |  |  |  |  | in French; crescent *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in french=Attribute |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | croissant *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had a warm croissant with jam for breakfast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croissant:x1:1
# text = I had a warm croissant with jam for breakfast.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	croissant	croissant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | a warm croissant |  |  |  | with jam for breakfast | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent croissant=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The croissant was so flaky it left crumbs everywhere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croissant:x2:1
# text = The croissant was so flaky it left crumbs everywhere.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	croissant	croissant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	flaky	flaky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
8	crumbs	crumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the croissant |  |  |  |  | flaky *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | past | croissant | crumbs |  |  |  | everywhere *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crumb=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Paris we bought croissants from a bakery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croissant:x3:1
# text = In Paris we bought croissants from a bakery.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Paris	Paris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	croissants	croissant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bakery	bakery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | we | croissants |  | Paris |  | from a bakery | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent croissant=Theme from bakery=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Croissants are made with lots of butter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croissant:x4:1
# text = Croissants are made with lots of butter.
1	Croissants	croissant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Croissants |  |  |  | with lots of butter | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can I have a chocolate croissant, please?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croissant:x5:1
# text = Can I have a chocolate croissant, please?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	croissant	croissant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | can | I | a chocolate croissant |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent croissant=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Croissant means crescent in French because of its shape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croissant:x6:1
# text = Croissant means crescent in French because of its shape.
1	Croissant	croissant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	crescent	crescent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Croissant |  |  |  |  | because Croissant's shape; in French; crescent *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in french=Attribute |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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