---
title: crooning — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crooning» in the school dictionary: To croon is to sing or hum softly and gently, often to a baby or while working. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crooning

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**Who acts:** croon, mother, child, He · **What happens:** be, hum, work, croon · **To what, where:** baby, morning sunlight, wood

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«crooning» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crooning in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crooning.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To croon is to sing or hum softly and gently, often to a baby or while working.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crooning:m1:1
# text = To croon is to sing or hum softly and gently, often to a baby or while working.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	croon	croon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hum	hum	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | croon |  |  |  |  | to a baby; sing *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hum** | infinitive | croon *not said here* |  |  |  |  | softly *property* | vn bulge-47.5.3 «NP V»: agent=Location |
| 3 | **work** | gerund | croon *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mother was crooning to her baby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crooning:x1:1
# text = The mother was crooning to her baby.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	crooning	croon	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **croon** *speech: other* | past · progressive | the mother |  | mother's baby |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to baby=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The child was crooning happily in the morning sunlight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crooning:x2:1
# text = The child was crooning happily in the morning sunlight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	crooning	croon	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	happily	happily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **croon** *speech: other* | past · progressive | the child |  |  | the morning sunlight |  | happily *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He hummed and crooned as he worked the wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crooning:x3:1
# text = He hummed and crooned as he worked the wood.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hummed	hum	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	crooned	croon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hum** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn bulge-47.5.3 «NP V»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **croon** *speech: other* | participle | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **work** | past | he | the wood |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent wood=Material |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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