---
title: croquet — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «croquet» in the school dictionary: A lawn game in which players hit wooden balls with long-handled wooden mallets through small metal hoops stuck in the grass. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# croquet

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** players, lawn game, We, flamingo, you, croquet club · **What happens:** hit, handle, hoop, knock, play, keep · **To what, where:** wooden balls, lawn game, ball, own ball, croquet, lawn

<!-- .vabout -->
«croquet» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [croquet in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/croquet.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lawn game in which players hit wooden balls with long-handled wooden mallets through small metal hoops stuck in the grass.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croquet:m1:1
# text = A lawn game in which players hit wooden balls with long-handled wooden mallets through small metal hoops stuck in the grass.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lawn	lawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
6	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	handled	handle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
14	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	mallets	mallet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
16	through	through	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
19	hoops	hoop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | past | players | wooden balls |  | a lawn game |  | with handled wooden mallets; through small metal | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent ball=Patient with mallet=Instrument |
| 2 | **handle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hoop** | present | a lawn game |  |  |  |  | stuck *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To knock another player's ball away by hitting your own ball against it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croquet:m2:1
# text = To knock another player's ball away by hitting your own ball against it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	knock	knock	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	against	against	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knock** | to-infinitive |  | another player's ball |  |  |  | away *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent ball=Patient |
| 2 | **hit** | gerund |  | your own ball |  |  |  | against ball | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent ball=Instrument against it=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We played croquet on Grandpa's lawn after lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croquet:x1:1
# text = We played croquet on Grandpa's lawn after lunch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	croquet	croquet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	lawn	lawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | We | croquet |  | Grandpa's lawn | after lunch |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent croquet=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alice's flamingo kept twisting round to look at her instead of hitting the hedgehog.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croquet:x2:1
# text = Alice's flamingo kept twisting round to look at her instead of hitting the hedgehog.
1	Alice	Alice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	flamingo	flamingo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	twisting	twist	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	round	round	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	13	mark	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | Alice's flamingo |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **twist** | gerund | Alice's flamingo *not said here* |  |  |  |  | round *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **look** | to-infinitive | Alice's flamingo *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at flamingo | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at she=Theme |
| 4 | **hit** | gerund | Alice's flamingo *not said here* | the hedgehog |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hedgehog=Co-Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hit the ball through the hoop with the mallet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croquet:x3:1
# text = Hit the ball through the hoop with the mallet.
1	Hit	hit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hoop	hoop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mallet	mallet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | imperative | you *not said here* | the ball |  | the hoop |  | with the mallet | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent ball=Patient with mallet=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The croquet club meets every Saturday in summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croquet:x4:1
# text = The croquet club meets every Saturday in summer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	croquet	croquet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	meets	meet	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	Saturday	Saturday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | present | the croquet club |  |  |  | saturday; summer |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Queen played croquet with live hedgehogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croquet:x5:1
# text = The Queen played croquet with live hedgehogs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	croquet	croquet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	live	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | the Queen | croquet |  |  |  | with live hedgehogs | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent croquet=Theme with hedgehog=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is hard to play croquet when the lawn is bumpy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croquet:x6:1
# text = It is hard to play croquet when the lawn is bumpy.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	croquet	croquet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lawn	lawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** | to-infinitive |  | croquet |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent croquet=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | the lawn |  |  |  |  | bumpy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldiers had to bend over to be the croquet hoops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:croquet:x7:1
# text = The soldiers had to bend over to be the croquet hoops.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	croquet	croquet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	hoops	hoop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the soldiers |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bend over** | to-infinitive | the soldiers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive | the croquet |  |  |  |  | hoop *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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