---
title: cross — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cross» in the school dictionary: To cross is to go from one side to the other, like across a road, river or bridge. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cross

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cross, It, ferry, you, They, Mum · **What happens:** cross, be, cross out, mean, take, reach · **To what, where:** one side, mark, word, arms, other, bridge

<!-- .vabout -->
«cross» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cross in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cross.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cross is to go from one side to the other, like across a road, river or bridge.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:m1:1
# text = To cross is to go from one side to the other, like across a road, river or bridge.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	across	across	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | one side |  | to the other; go *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cross is a mark like × or +.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:m2:1
# text = A cross is a mark like × or +.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	×	×	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cross | a mark |  |  |  | like × | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cross out is to draw a line through a word or number.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:m3:1
# text = To cross out is to draw a line through a word or number.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross out** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | a word or number |  | draw *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cross (adjective) means angry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:m4:1
# text = Cross (adjective) means angry.
1	Cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Cross |  |  |  |  | angry *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cross your arms or legs is to put one over the other.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:m5:1
# text = To cross your arms or legs is to put one over the other.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	obj	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | to-infinitive |  | your arms or legs |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the other |  | put *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It takes 3 minutes to cross the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:x1:1
# text = It takes 3 minutes to cross the bridge.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | It |  |  |  | minute |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cross** | to-infinitive |  | the bridge |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ferry crosses the river 6 times a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:x2:1
# text = The ferry crosses the river 6 times a day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ferry	ferry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crosses	cross	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | present | the ferry | the river |  |  | time |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cross out the even numbers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:x3:1
# text = Cross out the even numbers.
1	Cross	cross	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	even	even	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross out** | imperative | you *not said here* | the numbers |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They crossed 2 streets to reach school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:x4:1
# text = They crossed 2 streets to reach school.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | They | 2 streets |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent street=Patient |
| 2 | **reach** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | school |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent school=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look both ways before you cross.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:x5:1
# text = Look both ways before you cross.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	cross	cross	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* | both ways |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **cross** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put a cross next to wrong answers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:x6:1
# text = Put a cross next to wrong answers.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	next	next	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	answers	answer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | a cross |  |  |  | next *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent cross=Goal |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum was cross because I was late.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:x7:1
# text = Mum was cross because I was late.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	cross	cross	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Mum |  |  |  |  | cross *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cross your fingers for good luck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:x8:1
# text = Cross your fingers for good luck.
1	Cross	cross	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | imperative | you *not said here* | your fingers |  |  |  | for good luck | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He even remembered the cross old cook.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cross:x9:1
# text = He even remembered the cross old cook.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	even	even	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	remembered	remember	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cook	cook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | past | He | the cross old cook |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent cook=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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