---
title: cruelly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cruelly» in the school dictionary: Cruelly means in a cruel way, causing pain or suffering on purpose or without caring. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cruelly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cruelly, way, roadside, other children, his, It · **What happens:** mean, cause, care, seem, treat, abandon · **To what, where:** pain, purpose, wicked stepmother, Cinderella, puppy, mistake

<!-- .vabout -->
«cruelly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cruelly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cruelly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cruelly means in a cruel way, causing pain or suffering on purpose or without caring.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruelly:m1:1
# text = Cruelly means in a cruel way, causing pain or suffering on purpose or without caring.
1	Cruelly	cruelly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
9	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	caring	care	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Cruelly |  |  |  |  | in a cruel way | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute |
| 2 | **cause** | gerund | Cruelly *not said here* | pain or suffering |  | purpose |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient |
| 3 | **care** | gerund | Cruelly *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cruelly can also mean in a way that seems very unfair or unlucky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruelly:m2:1
# text = Cruelly can also mean in a way that seems very unfair or unlucky.
1	Cruelly	Cruelly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	unlucky	unlucky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Cruelly |  |  |  |  | in a way | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute |
| 2 | **seem** | present | a way |  |  |  |  | unfair *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wicked stepmother treated Cinderella cruelly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruelly:x1:1
# text = The wicked stepmother treated Cinderella cruelly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stepmother	stepmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	Cinderella	Cinderella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | participle |  | the wicked stepmother *not said here* | Cinderella |  |  | cruelly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cinderella=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy had been cruelly abandoned by the roadside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruelly:x2:1
# text = The puppy had been cruelly abandoned by the roadside.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	abandoned	abandon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	roadside	roadside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abandon** | past · perfect · passive | the roadside | the puppy |  |  |  | cruelly *property* | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme subject=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The other children laughed cruelly at his mistake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruelly:x3:1
# text = The other children laughed cruelly at his mistake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | the other children |  |  | his mistake |  | cruelly *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mistake** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom mistake «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was cruelly injured a week before the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruelly:x4:1
# text = She was cruelly injured a week before the race.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	injured	injure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **injure** | past · passive |  | She |  |  | before the race; week | cruelly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is against the law to treat animals cruelly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruelly:x5:1
# text = It is against the law to treat animals cruelly.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	against	against	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	treat	treat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | against the law | tree rules |
| 2 | **treat** | to-infinitive |  |  | animals |  |  | cruelly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team was cruelly beaten by a goal in the last second.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruelly:x6:1
# text = The team was cruelly beaten by a goal in the last second.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | past · passive | a goal | the team |  |  | second | cruelly *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who can have treated you so cruelly?”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruelly:x7:1
# text = Who can have treated you so cruelly?”
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | can · perfect · passive |  | you |  |  |  | cruelly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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