---
title: cruise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cruise» in the school dictionary: A holiday on a large ship that visits several places: a cruise around the Mediterranean. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cruise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** large ship, they, Grandma, cruise ship, plane, boat · **What happens:** visit, sail, drive, fly, cruise, win · **To what, where:** several places, plane, steady comfortable speed, 900 km/h, something, victory

<!-- .vabout -->
«cruise» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cruise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cruise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A holiday on a large ship that visits several places: a cruise around the Mediterranean.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruise:m1:1
# text = A holiday on a large ship that visits several places: a cruise around the Mediterranean.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	visits	visit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	cruise	cruise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	around	around	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | present | a large ship | several places |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sail, drive or fly at a steady, comfortable speed: the plane cruised at 900 km/h.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruise:m2:1
# text = To sail, drive or fly at a steady, comfortable speed: the plane cruised at 900 km/h.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sail	sail	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	drive	drive	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	fly	fly	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
16	cruised	cruise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	900	900	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	km/h	km/h	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | to-infinitive |  | the plane |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **drive** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fly** | infinitive |  |  |  | a steady comfortable speed |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at speed=Location |
| 4 | **cruise** | participle |  | the plane *not said here* |  | 900 km/h |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To win or do something very easily: they cruised to victory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruise:m3:1
# text = To win or do something very easily: they cruised to victory.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	cruised	cruise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	victory	victory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | to-infinitive | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | infinitive | they *not said here* | something |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **cruise** | past | they |  |  | victory |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent to victory=Trajectory |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To move slowly around an area, looking: cruising the streets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruise:m4:1
# text = To move slowly around an area, looking: cruising the streets.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	cruising	cruise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a area |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme around area=Trajectory |
| 2 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **cruise** | gerund |  | the streets |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme street=Trajectory |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma and Grandad went on a cruise to Norway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruise:x1:1
# text = Grandma and Grandad went on a cruise to Norway.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cruise	cruise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Norway	Norway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Grandma and Grandad |  |  | a cruise to Norway |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on cruise=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cruise ship had swimming pools and a cinema.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruise:x2:1
# text = The cruise ship had swimming pools and a cinema.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cruise	cruise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	swimming	swim	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	pools	pool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cinema	cinema	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the cruise ship |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swim** | gerund | the cruise ship *not said here* | pools and a cinema |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pool=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plane cruises at about 900 km per hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruise:x3:1
# text = The plane cruises at about 900 km per hour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cruises	cruise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	900	900	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	km	km	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	per	per	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cruise** | present | the plane |  |  | 900 km per hour |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boat cruising at 20 km/h for 3 hours goes 60 km.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruise:x4:1
# text = A boat cruising at 20 km/h for 3 hours goes 60 km.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	cruising	cruise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	km/h	km/h	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
10	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	km	km	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cruise** | gerund | a boat *not said here* |  |  | 20 km/h | hour |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go** | present | a boat | 60 km |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) She cruised through the spelling test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruise:x5:1
# text = (informal) She cruised through the spelling test.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	NUM	LS	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	cruised	cruise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cruise** | past | She |  |  | the spelling test |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent through test=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team cruised to a 4–0 win.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruise:x6:1
# text = Our team cruised to a 4–0 win.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cruised	cruise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	–	–	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	flat	_	_
9	win	win	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cruise** | participle | Our team |  |  | a – win |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent to win=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We cruised down the river in a little boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cruise:x7:1
# text = We cruised down the river in a little boat.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cruised	cruise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cruise** | past | We |  |  | a little boat |  | down the river | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent down river=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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