---
title: crumb — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crumb» in the school dictionary: A very small piece of bread, cake or biscuit. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crumb

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Crumbs, fashioned British way, you, Hansel, crumb, I · **What happens:** amount, be, show, sweep up, peck, drop · **To what, where:** something, fashioned British way, surprise, crumbs, Birds, way

<!-- .vabout -->
«crumb» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crumb in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crumb.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very small piece of bread, cake or biscuit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:m1:1
# text = A very small piece of bread, cake or biscuit.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	biscuit	biscuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very small amount of something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:m2:1
# text = A very small amount of something.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **amount** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"a crumb of hope".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:m2e:1
# text = "a crumb of hope".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	crumb	crumb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Crumbs!" is an old-fashioned British way of showing surprise.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:m3:1
# text = "Crumbs!" is an old-fashioned British way of showing surprise.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Crumbs	crumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
14	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Crumbs | a fashioned British way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | gerund | a fashioned British way *not said here* | surprise |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent surprise=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please sweep up the crumbs after lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:x1:1
# text = Please sweep up the crumbs after lunch.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	sweep	sweep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crumbs	crumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sweep up** | imperative | you *not said here* | the crumbs |  |  | after lunch |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme crumb=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds pecked at the crumbs on the path.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:x2:1
# text = Birds pecked at the crumbs on the path.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	pecked	peck	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crumbs	crumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **peck** | participle |  | Birds *not said here* |  |  |  | at the crumbs on the path | vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at crumb=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hansel dropped crumbs to find the way home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:x3:1
# text = Hansel dropped crumbs to find the way home.
1	Hansel	Hansel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	crumbs	crumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	home	home	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | past | Hansel | crumbs |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crumb=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | Hansel *not said here* | the way |  |  |  | home *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There's not a crumb left of the cake!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:x4:1
# text = There's not a crumb left of the cake!
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crumb	crumb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **be** | present | a crumb |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | a crumb *not said here* |  |  |  | of the cake | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme of cake=Initial\_Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crumbs attract ants into the kitchen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:x5:1
# text = Crumbs attract ants into the kitchen.
1	Crumbs	crumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	attract	attract	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attract** | present | Crumbs | ants |  |  |  | into the kitchen *result* | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent ant=Patient into kitchen=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fish was coated in breadcrumbs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:x6:1
# text = The fish was coated in breadcrumbs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	coated	coat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	breadcrumbs	breadcrumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **coat** | past · passive |  | the fish |  |  |  | in breadcrumbs | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in breadcrumb=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crumbs! I forgot my homework.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Crumbs!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:x7:1
# text = Crumbs!
1	Crumbs	crumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* I forgot my homework.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:x7:2
# text = I forgot my homework.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forget** | past | I | my homework |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then he wiped the crumbs from his beard and began:

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumb:x8:1
# text = Then he wiped the crumbs from his beard and began:
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wiped	wipe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crumbs	crumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wipe** | past | he | the crumbs |  | his beard | then |  | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent crumb=Theme from beard=Trajectory |
| 2 | **begin** | past | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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