---
title: crumple — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crumple» in the school dictionary: To crumple paper or cloth is to squeeze it so that it becomes full of creases. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crumple

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cloth, He, face, you, storm, wonderful paper crane · **What happens:** crumple, be, become, crease up, cry, mean · **To what, where:** paper, heap, letter, shirt, paper ball, runner · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«crumple» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crumple in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crumple.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crumple paper or cloth is to squeeze it so that it becomes full of creases.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumple:m1:1
# text = To crumple paper or cloth is to squeeze it so that it becomes full of creases.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crumple	crumple	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	squeeze	squeeze	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	13	mark	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
14	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	creases	crease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crumple** | to-infinitive |  | paper or cloth |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent paper=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | squeeze *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **become** | present | cloth |  |  |  |  | full *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crumple is to fall down suddenly in a heap, or for a face to crease up before crying.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumple:m2:1
# text = To crumple is to fall down suddenly in a heap, or for a face to crease up before crying.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crumple	crumple	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	crease	crease	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	crying	cry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crumple** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | a heap |  | fall, suddenly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **crease up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **cry** *speech: express* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crumple can mean to collapse or be crushed, like a car in a crash.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumple:m3:1
# text = To crumple can mean to collapse or be crushed, like a car in a crash.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crumple	crumple	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	collapse	collapse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	crushed	crush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crumple** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **collapse** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **crush** | infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle» |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He crumpled up the letter and threw it away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumple:x1:1
# text = He crumpled up the letter and threw it away.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crumpled	crumple	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crumple up** | past | He | the letter |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent letter=Patient |
| 2 | **throw away** | past | He *not said here* | letter |  |  |  | away *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My shirt was crumpled after the long trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumple:x2:1
# text = My shirt was crumpled after the long trip.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	crumpled	crumple	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crumple** | past · passive |  | My shirt |  |  | after the long trip |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her face crumpled and she started to cry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumple:x3:1
# text = Her face crumpled and she started to cry.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crumpled	crumple	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crumple** | past | Her face |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **start** | past | face |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | face *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The paper ball was crumpled and soft.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumple:x4:1
# text = The paper ball was crumpled and soft.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	crumpled	crumple	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crumple** | past · passive |  | the paper ball |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The runner crumpled to the ground at the finish line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumple:x5:1
# text = The runner crumpled to the ground at the finish line.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	crumpled	crumple	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	finish	finish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crumple** | participle |  | the runner *not said here* |  | the finish line |  | to the ground *result* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent to ground=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The front of a car is built to crumple in a crash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumple:x6:1
# text = The front of a car is built to crumple in a crash.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	crumple	crumple	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present · passive |  | the front of a car |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **crumple** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a crash |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't crumple your homework into your bag.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumple:x7:1
# text = Don't crumple your homework into your bag.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	crumple	crumple	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **crumple** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your homework |  |  |  | into your bag *result* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent homework=Patient into bag=Result |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then a storm came on, and the wonderful paper crane got damp, crumpled up, and fell into the sea.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crumple:x8:1
# text = Then a storm came on, and the wonderful paper crane got damp, crumpled up, and fell into the sea.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	crane	crane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	crumpled	crumple	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	xcomp	_	_
16	up	up	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come on** | past | a storm |  |  |  | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | past | the wonderful paper crane |  |  |  |  | damp *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **crumple up** | participle | the wonderful paper crane *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **fall** | past | a storm *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into the sea *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into sea=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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