---
title: crunch — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crunch» in the school dictionary: To crunch means to bite or press something hard so it makes a loud cracking sound. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crunch

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, crunch, Crunches, He, She, many crunches · **What happens:** crunch, mean, bite, press, make, be · **To what, where:** something, loud cracking sound, sound, exercise, numbers, 20 crunches · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«crunch» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crunch in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crunch.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crunch means to bite or press something hard so it makes a loud cracking sound.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crunch:m1:1
# text = To crunch means to bite or press something hard so it makes a loud cracking sound.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crunch	crunch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	bite	bite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	press	press	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	cracking	cracking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crunch** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **bite** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **press** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 5 | **make** | present | it | a loud cracking sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material sound=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crunch is that sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crunch:m2:1
# text = A crunch is that sound.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crunch	crunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a crunch | that sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crunches are an exercise like sit-ups for the stomach muscles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crunch:m3:1
# text = Crunches are an exercise like sit-ups for the stomach muscles.
1	Crunches	crunch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	sit	sit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Crunches | a exercise |  |  |  | like sit ups for the stomach muscles | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crunch numbers is to do a lot of sums.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crunch:m4:1
# text = To crunch numbers is to do a lot of sums.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crunch	crunch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crunch** | to-infinitive |  | numbers |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | do *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He did 20 crunches each morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crunch:x1:1
# text = He did 20 crunches each morning.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	crunches	crunch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | He | 20 crunches |  |  | morning |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crunch=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She crunched 8 carrots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crunch:x2:1
# text = She crunched 8 carrots.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crunched	crunch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crunch** | past | She | 8 carrots |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carrot=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many crunches does he do in 7 days?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crunch:x3:1
# text = How many crunches does he do in 7 days?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	crunches	crunch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present · do-support | many crunches |  |  |  | day |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leaves crunch under our feet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crunch:x4:1
# text = The leaves crunch under our feet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crunch	crunch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crunch** | present | the leaves |  |  | our feet |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under foot=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The snow crunched under my boots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crunch:x5:1
# text = The snow crunched under my boots.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	crunched	crunch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crunch** | participle |  | the snow *not said here* |  | my boots |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under boot=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I like the crunch of a fresh apple.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crunch:x6:1
# text = I like the crunch of a fresh apple.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	crunch	crunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | I | the crunch of a fresh apple |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot crunch=Theme |
| 2 | **crunch** |  | a fresh apple |  |  |  |  |  | nom crunch «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The computer can crunch big numbers fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crunch:x7:1
# text = The computer can crunch big numbers fast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	crunch	crunch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crunch** | can | the computer | big numbers |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cattle move and crunch, and lie down, and move on again, and they do not even low.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crunch:x8:1
# text = The cattle move and crunch, and lie down, and move on again, and they do not even low.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	crunch	crunch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	again	again	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
18	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
20	even	even	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | the cattle |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **crunch** | present | the cattle *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **lie down** | infinitive | the cattle *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **move on** | infinitive | the cattle *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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