---
title: crusade — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crusade» in the school dictionary: The Crusades were wars from about 1095 to 1291 in which Christian armies from Europe fought mainly to take control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crusade

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Crusades, Christian armies, crusade, people, First Crusade, Richard · **What happens:** be, fight, take, change, believe, crusade · **To what, where:** wars, 1095, control, long strong effort, something, 1096 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«crusade» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crusade in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crusade.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history, church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Crusades were wars from about 1095 to 1291 in which Christian armies from Europe fought mainly to take control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crusade:m1:1
# text = The Crusades were wars from about 1095 to 1291 in which Christian armies from Europe fought mainly to take control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Crusades	Crusade	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	1095	1095	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1291	1291	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obl	_	_
12	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	armies	army	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
17	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
20	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Holy	Holy	PROPN	NNP	_	26	compound	_	_
26	Land	Land	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Crusades | wars |  | 1095 to 1291 |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fight** | past | Christian armies from Europe |  |  | wars |  | mainly *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **take** | to-infinitive | Christian armies from Europe *not said here* | control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent control=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crusade is a long, strong effort to change something that people believe is wrong.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crusade:m2:1
# text = A crusade is a long, strong effort to change something that people believe is wrong.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crusade	crusade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obj	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a crusade | a long strong effort |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **change** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 3 | **believe** | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crusade is to work hard and publicly for a cause.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crusade:m3:1
# text = To crusade is to work hard and publicly for a cause.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crusade	crusade	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	publicly	publicly	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crusade** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for a cause; hard, work *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The First Crusade began in 1096.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crusade:x1:1
# text = The First Crusade began in 1096.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	First	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	Crusade	Crusade	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1096	1096	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the First Crusade |  |  | 1096 |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Richard the Lionheart fought in the Third Crusade.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crusade:x2:1
# text = Richard the Lionheart fought in the Third Crusade.
1	Richard	Richard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Lionheart	Lionheart	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
4	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	Crusade	Crusade	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | Richard |  |  | the Third Crusade |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thousands died in the Crusades on all sides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crusade:x3:1
# text = Thousands died in the Crusades on all sides.
1	Thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Crusades	Crusade	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | Thousands |  |  |  |  | on all sides; in the Crusades | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in crusade=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class started a crusade against plastic litter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crusade:x4:1
# text = Our class started a crusade against plastic litter.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crusade	crusade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | Our class | a crusade |  |  |  | against plastic litter | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crusade=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She crusaded for safer crossings near schools.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crusade:x5:1
# text = She crusaded for safer crossings near schools.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crusaded	crusade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	safer	safe	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	crossings	crossing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crusade** | past | She |  |  | schools |  | for safer crossings | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad is on a crusade to get everyone to recycle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crusade:x6:1
# text = Grandad is on a crusade to get everyone to recycle.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crusade	crusade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	recycle	recycle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Grandad |  |  | a crusade |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive |  | everyone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **recycle** | to-infinitive | everyone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crusaders built castles in the Holy Land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crusade:x7:1
# text = The crusaders built castles in the Holy Land.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crusaders	crusader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	castles	castle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Holy	Holy	PROPN	NNP	_	8	compound	_	_
8	Land	Land	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the crusaders | castles |  | the Holy Land |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset castle=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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