---
title: crustacean — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crustacean» in the school dictionary: A crustacean is an animal with a hard outer shell, jointed legs and no backbone, which usually lives in water, such as a crab, lobster, shrimp, prawn or crayfish. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crustacean

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** crustacean, backbone, crab, Lobsters, Woodlice, crustaceans · **What happens:** be, joint, live, have, grow, shed · **To what, where:** animal, water, crustacean, crustaceans, land, hard shell

<!-- .vabout -->
«crustacean» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crustacean in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/crustacean.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crustacean is an animal with a hard outer shell, jointed legs and no backbone, which usually lives in water, such as a crab, lobster, shrimp, prawn or crayfish.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crustacean:m1:1
# text = A crustacean is an animal with a hard outer shell, jointed legs and no backbone, which usually lives in water, such as a crab, lobster, shrimp, prawn or crayfish.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crustacean	crustacean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	jointed	joint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	det	_	_
16	backbone	backbone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	27	case	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	fixed	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	crab	crab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	lobster	lobster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	shrimp	shrimp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	prawn	prawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
34	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	crayfish	crayfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a crustacean | a animal |  |  |  | with a hard outer shell and jointed legs and no backbone | tree rules |
| 2 | **joint** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | present | no backbone |  |  | water and a crab and lobster and shrimp and prawn or crayfish |  | usually *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crab is a crustacean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crustacean:x1:1
# text = A crab is a crustacean.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crab	crab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crustacean	crustacean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a crab | a crustacean |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lobsters, shrimps and prawns are all crustaceans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crustacean:x2:1
# text = Lobsters, shrimps and prawns are all crustaceans.
1	Lobsters	lobster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	shrimps	shrimp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	prawns	prawn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	all	all	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	crustaceans	crustacean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lobsters and shrimps and prawns | crustaceans |  |  |  | all *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Woodlice are crustaceans that live on land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crustacean:x3:1
# text = Woodlice are crustaceans that live on land.
1	Woodlice	woodlice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	crustaceans	crustacean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Woodlice | crustaceans |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | crustaceans |  |  | land |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on land=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crustacean has a hard shell and jointed legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crustacean:x4:1
# text = A crustacean has a hard shell and jointed legs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crustacean	crustacean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	jointed	joint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a crustacean | a hard shell and jointed legs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient |
| 2 | **joint** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crustaceans grow by shedding their old shells.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crustacean:x5:1
# text = Crustaceans grow by shedding their old shells.
1	Crustaceans	crustacean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	shedding	shed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Crustaceans |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shed** | gerund | Crustaceans *not said here* | Crustaceans's old shells |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shell=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We found small crustaceans in the rock pool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crustacean:x6:1
# text = We found small crustaceans in the rock pool.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	crustaceans	crustacean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | We | small crustaceans |  | the rock pool |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crustacean=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people are allergic to crustaceans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:crustacean:x7:1
# text = Some people are allergic to crustaceans.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	allergic	allergic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	crustaceans	crustacean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some people |  |  |  |  | to crustaceans; allergic *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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