---
title: cry — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cry» in the school dictionary: To cry is to have tears come from your eyes because you are sad, hurt, or very happy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cry

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tears, you, cry, someone, baby, It · **What happens:** cry, be, come, hurt, cry out, call · **To what, where:** eyes, loud sound, sign, help, cry, wedding · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cry» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cry in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cry.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cry is to have tears come from your eyes because you are sad, hurt, or very happy.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:m1:1
# text = To cry is to have tears come from your eyes because you are sad, hurt, or very happy.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	very	very	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | have *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | present | tears |  |  | your eyes |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from eye=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **hurt** | participle | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cry (out) is to shout or call loudly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:m2:1
# text = To cry (out) is to shout or call loudly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	shout	shout	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	call	call	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry out** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | shout *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cry is a loud sound of pain, fear or calling, or the sound of an animal or bird.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:m3:1
# text = A cry is a loud sound of pain, fear or calling, or the sound of an animal or bird.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cry | a loud sound or the sound of a animal or bird |  |  |  | of pain and fear | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | gerund | a cry *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cry for help is a sign that someone needs help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:m4:1
# text = A cry for help is a sign that someone needs help.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
10	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl	_	_
11	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cry for help | a sign |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | someone | help |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby cried all night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:x1:1
# text = The baby cried all night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the baby |  |  |  | night |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's okay to cry when you are sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:x2:1
# text = It's okay to cry when you are sad.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	okay	okay	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | okay *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Help!" he cried.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:x3:1
# text = "Help!" he cried.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | he | Help |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard the cry of a seagull.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:x4:1
# text = We heard the cry of a seagull.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	seagull	seagull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | the cry of a seagull |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer cry=Stimulus |
| 2 | **cry** |  | a seagull |  |  |  |  |  | nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She cried with happiness at the wedding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:x5:1
# text = She cried with happiness at the wedding.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	happiness	happiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wedding	wedding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | She |  |  | the wedding |  | with happiness | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with happiness=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you cry wolf, nobody will believe you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:x6:1
# text = If you cry wolf, nobody will believe you.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cry	cry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
4	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | wolf |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Topic |
| 2 | **believe** | future | nobody | you |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There's no use crying over spilt milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:x7:1
# text = There's no use crying over spilt milk.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	crying	cry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	spilt	spilt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | no use |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | gerund | no use *not said here* |  |  | spilt milk |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over milk=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I heard a cry for help from the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:x8:1
# text = I heard a cry for help from the river.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | I | a cry |  | the river |  | for help | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent cry=Topic from river=Source |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Where are you going?" cries Yegory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cry:x9:1
# text = "Where are you going?" cries Yegory.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	cries	cry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Yegory	Yegory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** *in a quote* | present · progressive | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | Yegory |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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