---
title: cubism — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cubism» in the school dictionary: A style of painting and sculpture begun around 1907–1908 by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, in which people and objects are shown as flat geometric shapes like cubes and angles, often seen from several sides at once. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cubism/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / cubism

# cubism

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Picasso, we, Cubism, shapes, teacher · **What happens:** begin, show, see, be, make, break · **To what, where:** sculpture, 1907, people, flat geometric shapes, several sides, Cubist portrait

<!-- .vabout -->
«cubism» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cubism in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cubism.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: art — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A style of painting and sculpture begun around 1907–1908 by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, in which people and objects are shown as flat geometric shapes like cubes and angles, often seen from several sides at once.

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cubism:m1:1
# text = A style of painting and sculpture begun around 1907–1908 by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, in which people and objects are shown as flat geometric shapes like cubes and angles, often seen from several sides at once.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sculpture	sculpture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	begun	begin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	around	around	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1907	1907	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	1908	1908	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nmod	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	Pablo	Pablo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Picasso	Picasso	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Georges	Georges	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	Braque	Braque	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	obl	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl:relcl	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
28	geometric	geometric	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
30	like	like	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	cubes	cube	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	angles	angle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	often	often	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	acl	_	_
37	from	from	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
40	at	at	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | participle |  | sculpture *not said here* |  | 1907 – 1908 |  | by Pablo Picasso and Georges | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **show** | present · passive |  | people and objects |  |  |  | as flat geometric shapes like cubes and angles; in Pablo Picasso and Georges | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: subject=Patient in which=Topic |
| 3 | **see** | participle |  | flat geometric shapes like cubes and angles *not said here* |  | several sides |  | often *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Picasso is famous for Cubism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cubism:x1:1
# text = Picasso is famous for Cubism.
1	Picasso	Picasso	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Cubism	Cubism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Picasso |  |  |  |  | for Cubism; famous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In art class we made a Cubist portrait out of triangles and squares.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cubism:x2:1
# text = In art class we made a Cubist portrait out of triangles and squares.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Cubist	cubist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	triangles	triangle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	squares	square	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | we | a Cubist portrait |  | art class |  | out triangles and squares | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portrait=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cubism shows a face from the front and the side at the same time.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cubism:x3:1
# text = Cubism shows a face from the front and the side at the same time.
1	Cubism	cubism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Cubism | a face |  | the front and the side | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent face=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The guitar in the painting is broken into shapes, which is typical of Cubism.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cubism:x4:1
# text = The guitar in the painting is broken into shapes, which is typical of Cubism.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	guitar	guitar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	typical	typical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Cubism	Cubism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present · passive |  | the guitar in the painting |  |  |  | into shapes *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into shape=Result |
| 2 | **is** | present | shapes |  |  |  |  | of Cubism; typical *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher showed us how Cubism changed modern art.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cubism:x5:1
# text = Our teacher showed us how Cubism changed modern art.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	Cubism	Cubism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Our teacher |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient |
| 2 | **change** | past | Cubism | modern art |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent art=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [cubical](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cubical/)
- next →: [cubit](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cubit/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)