---
title: cuddle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cuddle» in the school dictionary: To cuddle someone is to hold them close in your arms to show love or to comfort them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cuddle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cuddle, Mum, baby, We, puppy, I · **What happens:** cuddle, be, show, comfort, cuddle up, sit · **To what, where:** someone, arms, love, long warm hug, big cuddle, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cuddle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cuddle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cuddle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cuddle someone is to hold them close in your arms to show love or to comfort them.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuddle:m1:1
# text = To cuddle someone is to hold them close in your arms to show love or to comfort them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cuddle	cuddle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
14	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	comfort	comfort	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cuddle** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | your arms |  | close, hold *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | love |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent love=Recipient |
| 4 | **comfort** | to-infinitive |  | arms *= arm* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cuddle is a long, warm hug.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuddle:m2:1
# text = A cuddle is a long, warm hug.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cuddle	cuddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hug	hug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cuddle | a long warm hug |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cuddle up is to lie or sit close to someone to be warm and comfortable.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuddle:m3:1
# text = To cuddle up is to lie or sit close to someone to be warm and comfortable.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cuddle	cuddle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	lie	lie	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sit	sit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
14	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cuddle up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | lie *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **sit** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to someone; close *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum gave me a big cuddle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuddle:x1:1
# text = Mum gave me a big cuddle.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cuddle	cuddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Mum | a big cuddle | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient cuddle=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby likes to cuddle her teddy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuddle:x2:1
# text = The baby likes to cuddle her teddy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	cuddle	cuddle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	teddy	teddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | the baby |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **cuddle** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the baby *not said here* | baby's teddy |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent teddy=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We cuddled up on the sofa to watch a film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuddle:x3:1
# text = We cuddled up on the sofa to watch a film.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cuddled	cuddle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cuddle up** | past | We |  |  | the sofa |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **watch** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | a film |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent film=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy loves cuddles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuddle:x4:1
# text = The puppy loves cuddles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cuddles	cuddle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | the puppy | cuddles |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cuddle=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can I have a cuddle?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuddle:x5:1
# text = Can I have a cuddle?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cuddle	cuddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | can | I | a cuddle |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cuddle=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cuddly toy is a rabbit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuddle:x6:1
# text = My cuddly toy is a rabbit.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cuddly	cuddly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My cuddly toy | a rabbit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's OK to say «no thank you» to a cuddle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuddle:x7:1
# text = It's OK to say «no thank you» to a cuddle.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	OK	ok	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	cuddle	cuddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | ok *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **thank** *speech: thank* *in a quote* | present |  |  | you |  |  | to a cuddle | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was able to sit up in bed and look at picture-books, while the little Rabbit cuddled close at his side.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuddle:x8:1
# text = He was able to sit up in bed and look at picture-books, while the little Rabbit cuddled close at his side.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	Rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
20	cuddled	cuddle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
21	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	20	advmod	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sit up** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | the little Rabbit |  | bed |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in bed=Location |
| 3 | **look** | infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at picture books | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at book=Theme |
| 4 | **cuddle** | participle |  | the little Rabbit *not said here* |  | Rabbit's side |  | close *property* | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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