---
title: cuff — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cuff» in the school dictionary: A cuff is the end part of a sleeve, around the wrist. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cuff

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cuff, Cuffs, someone, He, police, boy · **What happens:** be, turn, turn up, cuff, put, measure · **To what, where:** end part, turned fold, bottom, handcuffs, someone, light hit

<!-- .vabout -->
«cuff» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cuff in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cuff.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cuff is the end part of a sleeve, around the wrist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:m1:1
# text = A cuff is the end part of a sleeve, around the wrist.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cuff	cuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sleeve	sleeve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	around	around	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	wrist	wrist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cuff | the end part and the wrist |  |  |  | of a sleeve | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cuff is a turned-up fold at the bottom of a trouser leg (UK: turn-up).

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:m2:1
# text = A cuff is a turned-up fold at the bottom of a trouser leg (UK: turn-up).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cuff	cuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
8	fold	fold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	trouser	trouser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
19	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	up	up	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a cuff | a turned fold |  | the bottom of a trouser leg |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **turn up** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cuffs (informal) are handcuffs, and to cuff someone is to put handcuffs on them.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:m3:1
# text = Cuffs (informal) are handcuffs, and to cuff someone is to put handcuffs on them.
1	Cuffs	cuff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	informal	informal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	handcuffs	handcuff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	cuff	cuff	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
15	handcuffs	handcuff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cuffs | handcuffs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cuff** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | someone |  |  |  |  | on Cuffs *= cuff*; put *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cuff someone is to hit them lightly with an open hand; a cuff is such a light hit.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:m4:1
# text = To cuff someone is to hit them lightly with an open hand; a cuff is such a light hit.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cuff	cuff	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	hit	hit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	lightly	lightly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	cuff	cuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
17	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	20	det:predet	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	hit	hit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cuff** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with a open hand; hit, lightly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | a cuff | such light hit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cuff is a band put round the arm to measure blood pressure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:m5:1
# text = A cuff is a band put round the arm to measure blood pressure.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cuff	cuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	round	round	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	measure	measure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
12	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cuff | a band |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | participle |  | a band *not said here* |  |  |  | round the arm | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **measure** | to-infinitive |  | blood pressure |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme pressure=Value |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cuffs of my school shirt are dirty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:x1:1
# text = The cuffs of my school shirt are dirty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cuffs	cuff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the cuffs of my school shirt |  |  |  |  | dirty *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He rolled up his cuffs to wash his hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:x2:1
# text = He rolled up his cuffs to wash his hands.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rolled	roll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	cuffs	cuff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	wash	wash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll up** | past | He | his cuffs |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cuff=Theme |
| 2 | **wash** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | his hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The police cuffed the thief and put him in the car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:x3:1
# text = The police cuffed the thief and put him in the car.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cuffed	cuff	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cuff** | past | the police | the thief |  |  |  |  | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thief=Patient |
| 2 | **put** | infinitive | the police *not said here* | him *= he* |  | the car |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme in car=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old story, the boy got a cuff round the ear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:x4:1
# text = In the old story, the boy got a cuff round the ear.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cuff	cuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	round	round	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the boy | a cuff |  | the old story |  | round the ear | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cuff=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gave a funny speech off the cuff, without notes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:x5:1
# text = She gave a funny speech off the cuff, without notes.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cuff	cuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | She | a funny speech |  |  |  | off the cuff; without notes | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speech=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse put a cuff on Grandma's arm to check her blood pressure.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:x6:1
# text = The nurse put a cuff on Grandma's arm to check her blood pressure.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cuff	cuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	check	check	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | the nurse | a cuff |  | Grandma's arm |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent cuff=Theme on arm=Destination |
| 2 | **check** | to-infinitive | the nurse *not said here* | nurse's blood pressure |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pressure=Theme |
| 3 | **press** |  | nurse |  |  |  |  |  | nom pressure «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His jeans had wide cuffs at the bottom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:x7:1
# text = His jeans had wide cuffs at the bottom.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	jeans	jeans	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cuffs	cuff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | His jeans | wide cuffs |  | the bottom |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cuff=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fairies indeed are strange, and Peter, who understood them best, often cuffed them.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuff:x8:1
# text = Fairies indeed are strange, and Peter, who understood them best, often cuffed them.
1	Fairies	fairy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
7	Peter	Peter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	understood	understand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	best	well	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	cuffed	cuff	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Fairies |  |  |  |  | strange *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **understand** | past | Peter | Fairies *= fairy* |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 3 | **cuff** | participle · passive |  | Peter |  |  |  | often *property* | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient they=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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