---
title: cultivate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cultivate» in the school dictionary: To prepare and use land for growing crops: to dig, plant and look after it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cultivate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Farmers, first farmers, Grandad, class, you, habit · **What happens:** prepare, use, grow, dig, plant, look · **To what, where:** land, crops, plants, purpose, something, bacteria

<!-- .vabout -->
«cultivate» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cultivate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cultivate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To prepare and use land for growing crops: to dig, plant and look after it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:m1:1
# text = To prepare and use land for growing crops: to dig, plant and look after it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	prepare	prepare	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	dig	dig	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	plant	plant	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	after	after	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prepare** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** | infinitive |  | land |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Patient |
| 3 | **grow** | gerund |  | crops |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location crop=Theme |
| 4 | **dig** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **plant** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **look** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | after land |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To grow plants or crops on purpose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:m2:1
# text = To grow plants or crops on purpose.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | to-infinitive |  | plants or crops |  | purpose |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location plant=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To build up or develop something slowly with care, such as a skill, a habit or a friendship.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:m3:1
# text = To build up or develop something slowly with care, such as a skill, a habit or a friendship.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	build	build	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	develop	develop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **develop** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | with care and a skill; slowly *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To grow bacteria or cells in a lab.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:m4:1
# text = To grow bacteria or cells in a lab.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lab	lab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | to-infinitive |  | bacteria or cells |  | a lab |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bacterium=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers cultivate wheat on the wide plains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:x1:1
# text = Farmers cultivate wheat on the wide plains.
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cultivate	cultivate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | present | Farmers | wheat |  | the wide plains |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheat=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first farmers learned to cultivate rice along rivers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:x2:1
# text = The first farmers learned to cultivate rice along rivers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cultivate	cultivate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	rice	rice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	along	along	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | the first farmers |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cultivate** | to-infinitive | the first farmers *not said here* | rice |  |  |  | along rivers | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rice=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad cultivates tomatoes in his greenhouse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:x3:1
# text = Grandad cultivates tomatoes in his greenhouse.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cultivates	cultivate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	greenhouse	greenhouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | present | Grandad | tomatoes |  | Grandad's greenhouse |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tomato=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class cultivated a vegetable patch behind the school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:x4:1
# text = Our class cultivated a vegetable patch behind the school.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	vegetable	vegetable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	patch	patch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | past | Our class | a vegetable patch |  | the school |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent patch=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Try to cultivate the habit of reading every night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:x5:1
# text = Try to cultivate the habit of reading every night.
1	Try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	cultivate	cultivate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cultivate** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the habit |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent habit=Product |
| 3 | **read** | gerund | the habit *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She cultivated a friendship with the new girl next door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:x6:1
# text = She cultivated a friendship with the new girl next door.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | past | She | a friendship |  |  |  | with the new girl; next door *obl:unmarked* | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Product with girl=Material |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists cultivate bacteria in small round dishes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:x7:1
# text = Scientists cultivate bacteria in small round dishes.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cultivate	cultivate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dishes	dish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | present | Scientists | bacteria |  | small round dishes |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacterium=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This land is too rocky to cultivate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:x8:1
# text = This land is too rocky to cultivate.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	rocky	rocky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	cultivate	cultivate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this land |  |  |  |  | rocky *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cultivate** | to-infinitive | this land *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long, long ago there lived an old man and his wife who supported themselves by cultivating a small plot of land.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivate:x9:1
# text = Long, long ago there lived an old man and his wife who supported themselves by cultivating a small plot of land.
1	Long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
4	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	supported	support	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	14	obj	_	_
16	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	cultivating	cultivate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	plot	plot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a old man and his wife |  | there |  | ago *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme man=Location |
| 2 | **support** | past | his wife | man |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer themselves=Stimulus |
| 3 | **cultivate** | gerund | his wife *not said here* | a small plot of land |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plot=Product |
| 4 | **plot** |  |  | land |  |  |  |  | nom plot «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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