---
title: cultivated — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cultivated» in the school dictionary: Cultivated land has been dug, planted and looked after for growing crops. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cultivated

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, She, He, Wild strawberries, aunt, cultivated woman · **What happens:** cultivate, dig, plant, look after, grow, educate · **To what, where:** Cultivated land, crops, cultivated plant, purpose, cultivated person, roses · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cultivated» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cultivated in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cultivated.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cultivated land has been dug, planted and looked after for growing crops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivated:m1:1
# text = Cultivated land has been dug, planted and looked after for growing crops.
1	Cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	planted	plant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	looked	look	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
13	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **dig** | present · perfect · passive |  | Cultivated land |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **plant** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **look after** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **grow** | gerund |  | crops |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location crop=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cultivated plant has been grown by people on purpose, not wild: «cultivated strawberries».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivated:m2:1
# text = A cultivated plant has been grown by people on purpose, not wild: «cultivated strawberries».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:agent	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	strawberries	strawberry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **grow** | present · perfect · passive | people | a cultivated plant |  | purpose |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |
| 3 | **cultivate** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cultivated person is well educated, polite and knows about art, music and books.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivated:m3:1
# text = A cultivated person is well educated, polite and knows about art, music and books.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	educated	educate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	about	about	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **educate** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | a cultivated person |  |  |  | well *property* | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 3 | **know** | present |  |  |  |  |  | about art and music and books | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about art=Stimulus |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a verb form, «cultivated» means grew or developed: «She cultivated roses»; «He cultivated a friendship».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivated:m4:1
# text = As a verb form, «cultivated» means grew or developed: «She cultivated roses»; «He cultivated a friendship».
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	developed	develop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
17	roses	rose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | as a verb form | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **grow** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **develop** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **cultivate** *in a quote* | past | She | roses |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rose=Product |
| 6 | **cultivate** *in a quote* | past | He | a friendship |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmers cultivated rice in the wet fields.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivated:x1:1
# text = The farmers cultivated rice in the wet fields.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	rice	rice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wild strawberries are smaller than cultivated ones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivated:x2:1
# text = Wild strawberries are smaller than cultivated ones.
1	Wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	strawberries	strawberry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Wild strawberries |  |  |  |  | than cultivated ones; small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cultivate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cultivated fields stretched for miles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivated:x3:1
# text = The cultivated fields stretched for miles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stretch** | participle · passive |  | the cultivated fields |  |  |  | for miles | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long ago, people first cultivated wheat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivated:x4:1
# text = Long ago, people first cultivated wheat.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	advmod	_	_
6	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | participle | people | wheat |  |  |  | ago, first *property* | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheat=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her aunt is a cultivated woman who loves opera.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivated:x5:1
# text = Her aunt is a cultivated woman who loves opera.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	opera	opera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Her aunt | a cultivated woman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **love** | present | a cultivated woman | opera |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer opera=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He cultivated a good friendship with his neighbour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivated:x6:1
# text = He cultivated a good friendship with his neighbour.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | past | He | a good friendship |  |  |  | with his neighbour | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Product with neighbour=Material |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jeppe Jans cultivated his fields in summer, and in the winter he made wooden shoes.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cultivated:x7:1
# text = Jeppe Jans cultivated his fields in summer, and in the winter he made wooden shoes.
1	Jeppe	Jeppe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Jans	Jan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | past | Jeppe | Jeppe's fields |  |  | summer |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Product |
| 2 | **make** | past | Jeppe | wooden shoes |  |  | winter |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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