---
title: cum — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cum» in the school dictionary: Combined with; also being used as: «a kitchen-cum-dining room» is one room that is both a kitchen and a dining room; «a shed-cum-workshop». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cum

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** one room, cum, rude word, dining room, Dad, aunt · **What happens:** combine, use, be, mean, honour, grow · **To what, where:** one room, kitchen, cum laude, university, garage, magna cum laude

<!-- .vabout -->
«cum» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cum in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cum.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, from Latin — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Combined with; also being used as: «a kitchen-cum-dining room» is one room that is both a kitchen and a dining room; «a shed-cum-workshop».

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cum:m1:1
# text = Combined with; also being used as: «a kitchen-cum-dining room» is one room that is both a kitchen and a dining room; «a shed-cum-workshop».
1	Combined	combine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
11	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	cum	cum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	dining	dining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc:preconj	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	acl:relcl	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	dining	dining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
31	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
33	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	cum	cum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	workshop	workshop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **combine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | one room |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | present | one room | a kitchen and a dining room |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Latin, school and university — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Latin, «cum» means «with», as in the university honours «cum laude» (with praise) and «magna cum laude» (with great praise).

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cum:m2:1
# text = In Latin, «cum» means «with», as in the university honours «cum laude» (with praise) and «magna cum laude» (with great praise).
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	cum	cum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	university	university	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
16	honours	honour	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	cum	cum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	laude	laude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	praise	praise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
26	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	magna	magna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
28	cum	cum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	laude	laude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
31	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	praise	praise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | cum |  |  |  |  | in Latin | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot with=Theme in latin=Attribute |
| 2 | **honour** | present | cum *not said here* | cum laude and praise and magna cum laude and great praise |  | the university |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude, adult slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rude word grown-ups use; not for school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cum:m3:1
# text = A rude word grown-ups use; not for school.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | present | a rude word |  |  |  |  | for school | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our kitchen-cum-dining room is where we do homework.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cum:x1:1
# text = Our kitchen-cum-dining room is where we do homework.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
2	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	cum	cum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	dining	dining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
10	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl:relcl	_	_
12	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our dining room |  |  |  |  | where *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad uses the garage as a gym-cum-workshop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cum:x2:1
# text = Dad uses the garage as a gym-cum-workshop.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	garage	garage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
7	gym	gym	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	cum	cum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	workshop	workshop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Dad | the garage |  |  |  | as a cum workshop | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent garage=Duration as workshop=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt graduated magna cum laude from college.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cum:x3:1
# text = My aunt graduated magna cum laude from college.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	graduated	graduate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	magna	magna	X	FW	_	6	compound	_	_
5	cum	cum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	laude	laude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	college	college	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graduate** | participle | My aunt | magna cum laude |  | college |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spare room is a study-cum-guest room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cum:x4:1
# text = The spare room is a study-cum-guest room.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	spare	spare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
6	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	cum	cum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	guest	guest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the spare room | a cum guest room |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chorlton-cum-Hardy is part of Manchester.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cum:x5:1
# text = Chorlton-cum-Hardy is part of Manchester.
1	Chorlton	Chorlton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	cum	cum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Hardy	Hardy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Manchester	Manchester	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Chorlton | part |  |  |  | of Manchester | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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