---
title: cumulative — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cumulative» in the school dictionary: Cumulative means increasing by adding one amount to another over time, so the total keeps growing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cumulative

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cumulative, total, cumulative total, Saving, much sun, cumulative score · **What happens:** mean, increase, add, keep, grow, be · **To what, where:** one amount, 40 mm, cumulative effect, skin, 75 points, everything

<!-- .vabout -->
«cumulative» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cumulative in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cumulative.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cumulative means increasing by adding one amount to another over time, so the total keeps growing.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulative:m1:1
# text = Cumulative means increasing by adding one amount to another over time, so the total keeps growing.
1	Cumulative	cumulative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	increasing	increase	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	nmod	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	total	total	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
17	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Cumulative |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **increase** *not said to happen* | gerund | Cumulative *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | Cumulative *not said here* | one amount |  |  | time | to another | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent amount=Patient to another=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **keep** | present | the total |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **grow** | gerund | the total *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cumulative total of rainfall for the week was 40 mm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulative:x1:1
# text = The cumulative total of rainfall for the week was 40 mm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	total	total	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	mm	mm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the cumulative total of rainfall for the week | 40 mm |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saving £2 a week has a cumulative effect: £104 in a year.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulative:x2:1
# text = Saving £2 a week has a cumulative effect: £104 in a year.
1	Saving	save	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	£	£	SYM	$	_	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	£	£	SYM	$	_	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	104	104	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | gerund |  |  |  |  | week |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent £=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | Saving | a cumulative effect |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much sun has a cumulative effect on your skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulative:x3:1
# text = Too much sun has a cumulative effect on your skin.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | much sun | a cumulative effect |  | your skin |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cumulative score after three rounds was 75 points.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulative:x4:1
# text = The cumulative score after three rounds was 75 points.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	score	score	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	rounds	round	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	75	75	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the cumulative score after three rounds | 75 points |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our final exam is cumulative, so revise everything.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulative:x5:1
# text = Our final exam is cumulative, so revise everything.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	revise	revise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
9	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our final exam |  |  |  |  | cumulative *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **revise** | infinitive | Our final exam *not said here* | everything |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent everything=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cumulative tale, like «The House that Jack Built», adds a new line each time.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulative:x6:1
# text = A cumulative tale, like «The House that Jack Built», adds a new line each time.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	House	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
10	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	Built	Built	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	adds	add	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	det	_	_
19	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | the House | a new line |  |  | time |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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