---
title: cumulus — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cumulus» in the school dictionary: Cumulus is a type of white, puffy cloud with a flat bottom and a rounded top, like cotton wool. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cumulus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cumulus, Cumulus clouds, tall ones, cumulus cloud, Big cumulonimbus clouds, We · **What happens:** be, round, mean, grow, float, look · **To what, where:** type, fine weather, storm clouds, Fluffy cumulus clouds, blue sky, flat bottom · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cumulus» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cumulus in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cumulus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cumulus is a type of white, puffy cloud with a flat bottom and a rounded top, like cotton wool.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulus:m1:1
# text = Cumulus is a type of white, puffy cloud with a flat bottom and a rounded top, like cotton wool.
1	Cumulus	cumulus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	type	type	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	puffy	puffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	rounded	round	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	like	like	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cumulus | a type and cotton wool |  |  |  | of white puffy cloud with a flat bottom and a rounded top | tree rules |
| 2 | **round** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cumulus clouds usually mean fine weather, but very tall ones can grow into storm clouds (cumulonimbus).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulus:m2:1
# text = Cumulus clouds usually mean fine weather, but very tall ones can grow into storm clouds (cumulonimbus).
1	Cumulus	cumulus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	cumulonimbus	cumulonimbus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Cumulus clouds | fine weather |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weather=Topic |
| 2 | **grow** | can | tall ones |  |  |  |  | into storm clouds *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into cloud=Result |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fluffy cumulus clouds floated across the blue sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulus:x1:1
# text = Fluffy cumulus clouds floated across the blue sky.
1	Fluffy	fluffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	cumulus	cumulus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	floated	float	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | participle |  | Fluffy cumulus clouds *not said here* |  | the blue sky |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across sky=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cumulus clouds look like cotton wool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulus:x2:1
# text = Cumulus clouds look like cotton wool.
1	Cumulus	cumulus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | Cumulus clouds |  |  |  |  | like cotton wool | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cumulus cloud has a flat bottom and a puffy top.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulus:x3:1
# text = A cumulus cloud has a flat bottom and a puffy top.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cumulus	cumulus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	puffy	puffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a cumulus cloud | a flat bottom and a puffy top |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bottom=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Big cumulonimbus clouds can bring thunderstorms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulus:x4:1
# text = Big cumulonimbus clouds can bring thunderstorms.
1	Big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	cumulonimbus	cumulonimbus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	thunderstorms	thunderstorm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | can | Big cumulonimbus clouds | thunderstorms |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent thunderstorm=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drew cumulus, stratus and cirrus clouds in science.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulus:x5:1
# text = We drew cumulus, stratus and cirrus clouds in science.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cumulus	cumulus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	stratus	stratus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	cirrus	cirrus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | We | cumulus and stratus and cirrus clouds in science |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cumulus=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cumulus clouds meant it would stay sunny.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cumulus:x6:1
# text = The cumulus clouds meant it would stay sunny.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cumulus	cumulus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
8	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | the cumulus clouds |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **stay** | would | it |  |  |  |  | sunny *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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