---
title: cupcake — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cupcake» in the school dictionary: A cupcake is a small cake baked in a paper or foil cup, often with icing on top. A dozen cupcakes is 12 cupcakes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cupcake/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / cupcake

# cupcake

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cupcake, dozen cupcakes, Mom, She, tray, We · **What happens:** be, bake, cost, share, hold, sell · **To what, where:** small cake, 12 cupcakes, 24 cupcakes, 18 cupcakes, cupcakes, bake sale

<!-- .vabout -->
«cupcake» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cupcake in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cupcake.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cupcake is a small cake baked in a paper or foil cup, often with icing on top. A dozen cupcakes is 12 cupcakes.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cupcake is a small cake baked in a paper or foil cup, often with icing on top.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cupcake:m1:1
# text = A cupcake is a small cake baked in a paper or foil cup, often with icing on top.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cupcake	cupcake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	baked	bake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	foil	foil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	icing	icing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cupcake | a small cake |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bake** | participle |  | a small cake *not said here* |  |  |  | in a paper or foil cup and icing on top | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in paper=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* A dozen cupcakes is 12 cupcakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cupcake:m1:2
# text = A dozen cupcakes is 12 cupcakes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dozen	dozen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	cupcakes	cupcake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	cupcakes	cupcake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | dozen cupcakes | 12 cupcakes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mom baked 24 cupcakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cupcake:x1:1
# text = Mom baked 24 cupcakes.
1	Mom	mom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	baked	bake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	24	24	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cupcakes	cupcake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | participle | Mom | 24 cupcakes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cupcake=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each cupcake costs $2.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cupcake:x2:1
# text = Each cupcake costs $2.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	cupcake	cupcake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	$	$	SYM	$	_	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | each cupcake |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She shared 18 cupcakes among 6 friends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cupcake:x3:1
# text = She shared 18 cupcakes among 6 friends.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shared	share	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cupcakes	cupcake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	among	among	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | past | She | 18 cupcakes |  |  |  | among 6 friends | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tray holds 12 cupcakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cupcake:x4:1
# text = A tray holds 12 cupcakes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	cupcakes	cupcake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | a tray | 12 cupcakes |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cupcake=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sold cupcakes at the bake sale.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cupcake:x5:1
# text = We sold cupcakes at the bake sale.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cupcakes	cupcake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bake	bake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sale	sale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | We | cupcakes |  | the bake sale |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent cupcake=Theme at sale=Asset |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She put pink icing on each cupcake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cupcake:x6:1
# text = She put pink icing on each cupcake.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	icing	icing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	cupcake	cupcake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | She | pink icing |  | each cupcake |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent icing=Theme on cupcake=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let the cupcakes cool before you ice them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cupcake:x7:1
# text = Let the cupcakes cool before you ice them.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cupcakes	cupcake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cool	cool	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cool** | present | the cupcakes |  |  |  | before ice |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He brought cupcakes for his birthday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cupcake:x8:1
# text = He brought cupcakes for his birthday.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cupcakes	cupcake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | He | cupcakes |  |  |  | for his birthday | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent cupcake=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [cupboard](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cupboard/)
- next →: [cupful](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cupful/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)