---
title: curve — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «curve» in the school dictionary: A line that bends smoothly without any sharp corners, like part of a circle. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# curve

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** line, you, road, drivers, circle, rainbow · **What happens:** bend, draw, curve, not cross, not see, be · **To what, where:** smooth line, curve, lake, you, one long curve, sky

<!-- .vabout -->
«curve» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [curve in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/curve.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A line that bends smoothly without any sharp corners, like part of a circle.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curve:m1:1
# text = A line that bends smoothly without any sharp corners, like part of a circle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	smoothly	smoothly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
8	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	corners	corner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | present | a line |  |  |  |  | without any sharp corners; smoothly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bend in a road, river or path.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curve:m2:1
# text = A bend in a road, river or path.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bend	bend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a verb, to bend in a smooth line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curve:m3:1
# text = As a verb, to bend in a smooth line.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	bend	bend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a smooth line |  | as a verb | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in line=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw a curve, not a straight line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curve:x1:1
# text = Draw a curve, not a straight line.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	curve	curve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | a curve and a straight line |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent curve=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road curves around the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curve:x2:1
# text = The road curves around the lake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	curves	curve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curve** | present | the road |  |  | the lake |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't cross near a curve; drivers can't see you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curve:x3:1
# text = Don't cross near a curve; drivers can't see you.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	cross	cross	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	curve	curve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **cross** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | a curve |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **see** | can | drivers | you |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A circle is one long curve.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curve:x4:1
# text = A circle is one long curve.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	curve	curve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a circle | one long curve |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rainbow made a curve across the sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curve:x5:1
# text = The rainbow made a curve across the sky.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	curve	curve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the rainbow | a curve |  | the sky |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset curve=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball curved into the goal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curve:x6:1
# text = The ball curved into the goal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curve** | participle |  | the ball *not said here* |  | the goal |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material into goal=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The curve of the broken dome was above his head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curve:x7:1
# text = The curve of the broken dome was above his head.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	curve	curve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	dome	dome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	above	above	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | the curve of the broken dome |  |  | his head |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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