---
title: curved — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «curved» in the school dictionary: Bent in a smooth round shape, not straight and with no sharp corners. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# curved

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cylinder, banana, rainbow, you, spoon, face · **What happens:** bend, move, make, curve, have, be · **To what, where:** smooth round shape, curve, circle, two flat faces, road, hill

<!-- .vabout -->
«curved» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [curved in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/curved.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bent in a smooth round shape, not straight and with no sharp corners.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curved:m1:1
# text = Bent in a smooth round shape, not straight and with no sharp corners.
1	Bent	bend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
13	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	corners	corner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | participle |  |  |  | a smooth round shape |  | straight *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shape=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moved or bent in a curve.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curved:m2:1
# text = Moved or bent in a curve.
1	Moved	move	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	bent	bend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	curve	curve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **bend** | participle |  |  |  | a curve |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in curve=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A circle is made of one curved line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curved:x1:1
# text = A circle is made of one curved line.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | a circle |  |  |  | of one curved line | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cylinder has two flat faces and one curved surface.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curved:x2:1
# text = A cylinder has two flat faces and one curved surface.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cylinder	cylinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a cylinder | two flat faces and one curved surface |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient |
| 2 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road curved around the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curved:x3:1
# text = The road curved around the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curve** | participle |  | the road *not said here* |  | the hill |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The banana is long and curved.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curved:x4:1
# text = The banana is long and curved.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	banana	banana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the banana |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **curve** | participle | the banana *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rainbow is a curved band of colours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curved:x5:1
# text = A rainbow is a curved band of colours.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a rainbow | a curved band |  |  |  | of colours | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw a straight line and a curved line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curved:x6:1
# text = Draw a straight line and a curved line.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | a straight line and a curved line |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme |
| 2 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spoon's curved back made my face look funny.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curved:x7:1
# text = The spoon's curved back made my face look funny.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spoon	spoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
10	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curve back** | participle |  | the spoon *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |
| 2 | **make** | past | the spoon | my face |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | infinitive | my face *not said here* |  |  |  |  | funny *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river curved through the valley.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curved:x8:1
# text = The river curved through the valley.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curve** | participle |  | the river *not said here* |  | the valley |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were swans, and they curved their graceful necks, while their soft plumage shown with dazzling whiteness.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:curved:x9:1
# text = They were swans, and they curved their graceful necks, while their soft plumage shown with dazzling whiteness.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	swans	swan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	curved	curve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	graceful	graceful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	necks	neck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	plumage	plumage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
16	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	dazzling	dazzling	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	whiteness	whiteness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | They | swans |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **curve** | past | swans *= swan* | swans's graceful necks |  |  |  | swans's soft plumage *obl* | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent neck=Material |
| 3 | **show** | participle |  | swans's soft plumage *not said here* |  |  |  | with dazzling whiteness | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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