---
title: cushion — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cushion» in the school dictionary: A soft bag filled with stuffing, used to make a seat more comfortable or to lean on. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cushion

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, crash mat, you, hovercraft, Bike helmets, foam · **What happens:** fill, use, make, lean on, fall, lay · **To what, where:** soft bag, seat, hit, blow, sofa, fall

<!-- .vabout -->
«cushion» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cushion in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cushion.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A soft bag filled with stuffing, used to make a seat more comfortable or to lean on.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cushion:m1:1
# text = A soft bag filled with stuffing, used to make a seat more comfortable or to lean on.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	stuffing	stuffing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	14	advmod	_	_
14	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	lean	lean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | participle |  | a soft bag *not said here* |  |  |  | with stuffing | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with stuffing=Instrument |
| 2 | **use** | participle · passive |  | a soft bag |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a seat |  |  |  | comfortable *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset seat=Product |
| 4 | **lean on** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that makes a hit or fall softer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cushion:m2:1
# text = Something that makes a hit or fall softer.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hit	hit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
8	softer	soft	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present |  | a hit |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hit=Product |
| 2 | **fall** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | soft *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"a cushion of air".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cushion:m2e:1
# text = "a cushion of air".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cushion	cushion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a verb, to make a blow or fall softer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cushion:m3:1
# text = As a verb, to make a blow or fall softer.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	fall	fall	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	softer	soft	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a blow |  |  |  | as a verb | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset blow=Product |
| 2 | **fall** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | soft *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I lay on the sofa with a cushion under my head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cushion:x1:1
# text = I lay on the sofa with a cushion under my head.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cushion	cushion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | I |  |  | the sofa |  | with a cushion; under my head | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on sofa=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crash mat cushioned his fall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cushion:x2:1
# text = The crash mat cushioned his fall.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	_	3	compound	_	_
3	mat	mat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cushioned	cushion	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cushion** | past | the crash mat | mat's fall |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't throw cushions in the living room!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cushion:x3:1
# text = Don't throw cushions in the living room!
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	throw	throw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cushions	cushion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **throw** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | cushions |  | the living room |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent cushion=Theme in room=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hovercraft rides on a cushion of air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cushion:x4:1
# text = A hovercraft rides on a cushion of air.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hovercraft	hovercraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rides	ride	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cushion	cushion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | present | a hovercraft |  |  | a cushion of air |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bike helmets have foam to cushion your head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cushion:x5:1
# text = Bike helmets have foam to cushion your head.
1	Bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	helmets	helmet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cushion	cushion	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Bike helmets | foam |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cushion** | to-infinitive | foam *not said here* | your head |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brother put a whoopee cushion on my chair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cushion:x6:1
# text = My brother put a whoopee cushion on my chair.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whoopee	whoopee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	cushion	cushion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | infinitive | My brother | a whoopee cushion |  | my chair |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent cushion=Theme on chair=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And bring me also the golden cushion.’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cushion:x7:1
# text = And bring me also the golden cushion.’
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cushion	cushion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | imperative | you *not said here* | the golden cushion | me |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent i=Destination cushion=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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