---
title: cuss — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cuss» in the school dictionary: To cuss is to swear or curse, using rude words. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cuss

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cuss, He, cart, you, old cuss · **What happens:** cuss, be, use, begin, stick, not cuss · **To what, where:** rude words, person, mud, front

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«cuss» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cuss in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cuss.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cuss is to swear or curse, using rude words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuss:m1:1
# text = To cuss is to swear or curse, using rude words.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cuss	cuss	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	swear	swear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	curse	curse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
10	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cuss** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | swear *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | gerund |  | rude words |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, dialect — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cuss is a person, often an awkward or unlucky one: a poor old cuss.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuss:m2:1
# text = A cuss is a person, often an awkward or unlucky one: a poor old cuss.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cuss	cuss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	awkward	awkward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	unlucky	unlucky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	cuss	cuss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cuss | a person and a awkward one and a poor old cuss |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He began to cuss when the cart stuck in the mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuss:x1:1
# text = He began to cuss when the cart stuck in the mud.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	cuss	cuss	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cuss** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stick** | participle | the cart |  |  | the mud |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in mud=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't cuss in front of the little ones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuss:x2:1
# text = Don't cuss in front of the little ones.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	cuss	cuss	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **cuss** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | front of the little ones |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That old cuss never stops grumbling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cuss:x3:1
# text = That old cuss never stops grumbling.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cuss	cuss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	grumbling	grumble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stop** | present | that old cuss |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **grumble** *speech: other* | gerund | that old cuss *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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