---
title: cutlass — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cutlass» in the school dictionary: A short sword with a slightly curved blade and one sharp edge, used by sailors and pirates in the past. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cutlass

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pirate, Sailors, captain, museum, Hand, cutlass · **What happens:** use, draw, carry, hold, have, growl · **To what, where:** short sword, cutlass, cutlasses, one hand, old naval cutlass, pirate

<!-- .vabout -->
«cutlass» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cutlass in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cutlass.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short sword with a slightly curved blade and one sharp edge, used by sailors and pirates in the past.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cutlass:m1:1
# text = A short sword with a slightly curved blade and one sharp edge, used by sailors and pirates in the past.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	slightly	slightly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	curved	curved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
11	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl:agent	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	pirates	pirate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a short sword with a curved blade and one sharp edge *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pirate drew his cutlass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cutlass:x1:1
# text = The pirate drew his cutlass.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	cutlass	cutlass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | the pirate | pirate's cutlass |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cutlass=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sailors in the navy once carried cutlasses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cutlass:x2:1
# text = Sailors in the navy once carried cutlasses.
1	Sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	navy	navy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
6	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	cutlasses	cutlass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | Sailors in the navy | cutlasses |  |  |  | once *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cutlass=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The captain held a cutlass in one hand and a lantern in the other.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cutlass:x3:1
# text = The captain held a cutlass in one hand and a lantern in the other.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cutlass	cutlass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lantern	lantern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | the captain | a cutlass |  | one hand and a lantern in the other |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cutlass=Theme in hand=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum has an old naval cutlass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cutlass:x4:1
# text = The museum has an old naval cutlass.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	naval	naval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cutlass	cutlass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the museum | a old naval cutlass |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cutlass=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Hand over the treasure!» growled the pirate, waving his cutlass.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cutlass:x5:1
# text = «Hand over the treasure!» growled the pirate, waving his cutlass.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	growled	growl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	waving	wave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	cutlass	cutlass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **growl** | past | Hand over the treasure | the pirate |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pirate=Topic |
| 2 | **wave** | gerund | Hand over the treasure *not said here* | Hand's cutlass |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cutlass=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cutlass is shorter than most swords.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cutlass:x6:1
# text = A cutlass is shorter than most swords.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cutlass	cutlass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a cutlass |  |  |  |  | than most swords; short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was fierce struggle, in which the cutlass was torn from the pirate’s grasp.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cutlass:x7:1
# text = There was fierce struggle, in which the cutlass was torn from the pirate’s grasp.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fierce	fierce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	struggle	struggle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cutlass	cutlass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	’s	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	grasp	grasp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | fierce struggle |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **tear** | past · passive |  | the cutlass |  | fierce struggle |  | from the pirate's grasp | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient from grasp=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **grasp** |  | the pirate |  |  |  |  |  | nom grasp «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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