---
title: cygnet — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cygnet» in the school dictionary: A cygnet is a young swan. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cygnet

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cygnet, Five grey cygnets, ugly duckling, Cygnets, you, parents · **What happens:** be, swim, ride, not go, protect, watch · **To what, where:** young swan, cygnet, back, cygnets, river bank, dove

<!-- .vabout -->
«cygnet» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cygnet in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cygnet.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cygnet is a young swan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cygnet:m1:1
# text = A cygnet is a young swan.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cygnet	cygnet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	swan	swan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cygnet | a young swan |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Five grey cygnets swam behind their mother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cygnet:x1:1
# text = Five grey cygnets swam behind their mother.
1	Five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cygnets	cygnet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | past | Five grey cygnets |  |  |  |  | behind cygnets's mother | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind mother=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ugly duckling was really a cygnet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cygnet:x2:1
# text = The ugly duckling was really a cygnet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ugly	ugly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	duckling	duckling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	really	really	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cygnet	cygnet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the ugly duckling | a cygnet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cygnets sometimes ride on the swan's back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cygnet:x3:1
# text = Cygnets sometimes ride on the swan's back.
1	Cygnets	cygnet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	_
3	ride	ride	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	swan	swan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | present | Cygnets |  |  | the swan's back |  | sometimes *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't go near the cygnets — the parents will protect them fiercely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cygnet:x4:1
# text = Don't go near the cygnets — the parents will protect them fiercely.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cygnets	cygnet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	fiercely	fiercely	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **go** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | the cygnets |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme near cygnet=Location |
| 2 | **protect** | future | the parents | cygnets *= cygnet* |  |  |  | fiercely *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By winter the cygnets were almost as big as their parents.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cygnet:x5:1
# text = By winter the cygnets were almost as big as their parents.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cygnets	cygnet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	as	as	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the cygnets |  |  |  | winter | as cygnets's parents; almost, big *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched the cygnets hatch on the river bank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cygnet:x6:1
# text = We watched the cygnets hatch on the river bank.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cygnets	cygnet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hatch	hatch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hatch** | present | the cygnets |  |  | the river bank |  |  | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Suddenly Coo-my-dove changed into a goshawk and around him flew twenty-four grey herons and above them flew seven cygnets.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cygnet:x7:1
# text = Suddenly Coo-my-dove changed into a goshawk and around him flew twenty-four grey herons and above them flew seven cygnets.
1	Suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	Coo	coo	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	dove	dove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	goshawk	goshawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	around	around	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
14	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
18	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	herons	heron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	above	above	ADP	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
24	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	cygnets	cygnet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **coo** | imperative | you *not said here* | my dove |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent dove=Theme |
| 2 | **change** | participle |  | my dove *not said here* |  |  |  | into a goshawk *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into goshawk=Result |
| 3 | **fly** | past | you *not said here* | four grey herons |  |  |  | around him *= he* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent heron=Theme around he=Location |
| 4 | **fly** | past | herons *= heron* | seven cygnets |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cygnet=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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