---
title: dakota — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dakota» in the school dictionary: North Dakota and South Dakota: two states in the middle north of the USA; together «the Dakotas». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dakota

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mount, North Dakota, Dakota people, cousin, Iktomi · **What happens:** use, be, have, name, say, mean · **To what, where:** Dakota, South Dakota, part, state, word, friends · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dakota» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dakota in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dakota.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
North Dakota and South Dakota: two states in the middle north of the USA; together «the Dakotas».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dakota:m1:1
# text = North Dakota and South Dakota: two states in the middle north of the USA; together «the Dakotas».
1	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	middle	middle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	together	together	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Dakotas	Dakotas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Dakota: a Native American people of the Great Plains, part of the Sioux nation; also their language.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dakota:m2:1
# text = The Dakota: a Native American people of the Great Plains, part of the Sioux nation; also their language.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	Native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Plains	Plain	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	acl:relcl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Sioux	Sioux	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	also	also	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dakota is used as a first name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dakota:m3:1
# text = Dakota is used as a first name.
1	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Dakota |  |  |  | as a first name | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as name=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mount Rushmore is in South Dakota.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dakota:x1:1
# text = Mount Rushmore is in South Dakota.
1	Mount	Mount	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Rushmore	Rushmore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mount |  |  | South Dakota |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
North Dakota has very cold winters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dakota:x2:1
# text = North Dakota has very cold winters.
1	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	winters	winter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | North Dakota |  |  |  | winter |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Dakota people are part of the Sioux nation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dakota:x3:1
# text = The Dakota people are part of the Sioux nation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Sioux	Sioux	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Dakota people | part |  |  |  | of the Sioux nation | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The state is named after the Dakota people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dakota:x4:1
# text = The state is named after the Dakota people.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | present · passive |  | the state |  |  | after the Dakota people |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word Dakota is often said to mean «friends» or «allies».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dakota:x5:1
# text = The word Dakota is often said to mean «friends» or «allies».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	allies	ally	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | the word |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | to-infinitive |  | friends or allies |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin Dakota lives in Texas. (a name)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* My cousin Dakota lives in Texas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dakota:x6:1
# text = My cousin Dakota lives in Texas.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Texas	Texas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | My cousin |  |  | Texas |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in texas=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (a name)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dakota:x6:2
# text = (a name)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Iktomi dresses like a real Dakota brave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dakota:x7:1
# text = Iktomi dresses like a real Dakota brave.
1	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dresses	dress	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress** | present | Iktomi |  |  |  |  | like a real Dakota | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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