---
title: darkened — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «darkened» in the school dictionary: Made darker or grown darker, with little light. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/darkened/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / darkened

# darkened

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Past form, We, darkened streets, sky, Shadows, mood · **What happens:** make, grow, darken, form, watch, feel · **To what, where:** darken, film, darkened room, rain, darkened classroom, house

<!-- .vabout -->
«darkened» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [darkened in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/darkened.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made darker or grown darker, with little light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darkened:m1:1
# text = Made darker or grown darker, with little light.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	darker	dark	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	xcomp	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
5	darker	dark	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with little light; dark *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past form of darken: the sky darkened.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darkened:m2:1
# text = Past form of darken: the sky darkened.
1	Past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	darken	darken	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	darkened	darken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **darken** | past | Past form of darken |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | darken |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched the film in a darkened room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darkened:x1:1
# text = We watched the film in a darkened room.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	darkened	darken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | the film |  | a darkened room |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent film=Theme |
| 2 | **darken** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The darkened streets felt quiet and spooky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darkened:x2:1
# text = The darkened streets felt quiet and spooky.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	darkened	darken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	spooky	spooky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **darken** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **feel** | past | the darkened streets |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sky darkened and it began to rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darkened:x3:1
# text = The sky darkened and it began to rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	darkened	darken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **darken** | past | the sky |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **begin** | past | sky | rain |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shadows are easiest to see in a darkened classroom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darkened:x4:1
# text = Shadows are easiest to see in a darkened classroom.
1	Shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	easiest	easy	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	darkened	darken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Shadows |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a darkened classroom |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **darken** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The house had darkened windows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darkened:x5:1
# text = The house had darkened windows.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	darkened	darken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **darken** | past · perfect · passive |  | the house |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her mood darkened when she lost the match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darkened:x6:1
# text = Her mood darkened when she lost the match.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	darkened	darken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **darken** | past | Her mood |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | past | mood | the match |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent match=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Give me the youngest instead,’ replied the youth, and the giant’s face darkened as he heard him.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darkened:x7:1
# text = ‘Give me the youngest instead,’ replied the youth, and the giant’s face darkened as he heard him.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	iobj	_	_
6	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
9	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	’s	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	darkened	darken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
19	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | the youngest |  |  | instead *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient young=Theme |
| 2 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past |  | the youth |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent youth=Topic |
| 3 | **darken** | participle | the giant's face |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **hear** | past | face | giant |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [darken](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/darken/)
- next →: [darkening](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/darkening/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)