---
title: darn — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «darn» in the school dictionary: To darn a sock or jumper is to mend a hole by sewing threads across it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# darn

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Darn, Grandma, I, It, She · **What happens:** darn, be, sew, say, mean, idea · **To what, where:** sock, threads, hole, Darn, it, lunch · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«darn» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [darn in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/darn.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To darn a sock or jumper is to mend a hole by sewing threads across it.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darn:m1:1
# text = To darn a sock or jumper is to mend a hole by sewing threads across it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	darn	darn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sock	sock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	mend	mend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	sewing	sew	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
14	threads	thread	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	across	across	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **darn** | to-infinitive |  | a sock or jumper |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | mend *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **sew** | gerund |  | threads |  | hole |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thread=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: mild swearing — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Darn!» or «Darn it!» is said when you are annoyed, instead of a stronger word.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darn:m2:1
# text = «Darn!» or «Darn it!» is said when you are annoyed, instead of a stronger word.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Darn	darn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Darn	darn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	16	mark	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	annoyed	annoyed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	22	case	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	22	amod	_	_
22	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **darn** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | Darn |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | present · passive |  | Darn |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | annoyed *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Darn or darned means very, or annoying: a darn good idea, that darn cat.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darn:m3:1
# text = Darn or darned means very, or annoying: a darn good idea, that darn cat.
1	Darn	darn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	darned	darned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	annoying	annoying	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	darn	darn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
16	darn	darn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Darn |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **idea** |  | a darn |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma darned the hole in my sock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darn:x1:1
# text = Grandma darned the hole in my sock.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	darned	darn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	sock	sock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **darn** | past | Grandma | the hole |  | my sock |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(mild) Darn it, I forgot my lunch!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darn:x2:1
# text = (mild) Darn it, I forgot my lunch!
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Darn	darn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **darn** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **forget** | past | I | my lunch |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(mild) That darn cat knocked over the plant again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darn:x3:1
# text = (mild) That darn cat knocked over the plant again.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
5	darn	darn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
7	knocked	knock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knock** | participle |  | that darn cat *not said here* |  | the plant | again |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over plant=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) It was a darn good match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darn:x4:1
# text = (informal) It was a darn good match.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	NUM	LS	_	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	darn	darn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a darn good match |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She sat by the fire darning a jumper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darn:x5:1
# text = She sat by the fire darning a jumper.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	darning	darn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | She |  |  |  |  | by the fire | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by fire=Location |
| 2 | **darn** | gerund | She *not said here* | a jumper |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(mild) Darn, the bus has gone!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:darn:x6:1
# text = (mild) Darn, the bus has gone!
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Darn	darn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present · perfect | mild Darn |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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