---
title: dc — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dc» in the school dictionary: DC, d.c.: short for «direct current», electricity that flows in one direction only, as from a battery. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dc

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** electricity, battery, We, plug, brother, DC · **What happens:** flow, mean, go back, know, give, visit · **To what, where:** one direction, sheet music, American comic company, DC, one way, White House · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dc» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dc in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dc.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
DC, d.c.: short for «direct current», electricity that flows in one direction only, as from a battery.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:m1:1
# text = DC, d.c.: short for «direct current», electricity that flows in one direction only, as from a battery.
1	DC	DC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	d.c.	D.C.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	current	current	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	only	only	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	23	case	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | electricity |  |  | one direction |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in direction=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
D.C.: short for «District of Columbia», as in Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:m2:1
# text = D.C.: short for «District of Columbia», as in Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States.
1	D.C.	D.C.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	District	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Columbia	Columbia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Washington	Washington	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	D.C.	D.C.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	capital	capital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
DC.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:m3:1
# text = DC.
1	DC	DC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
DC Comics, an American comic company known for Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:m3e:1
# text = DC Comics, an American comic company known for Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman.
1	DC	dc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Comics	comic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	comic	comic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Superman	Superman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Batman	Batman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	Wonder	Wonder	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | participle |  | a American comic company *not said here* |  |  |  | for Superman and Batman and Wonder Woman | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
DC.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:m4:1
# text = DC.
1	DC	DC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Detective Constable, a police rank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:m4e:1
# text = Detective Constable, a police rank.
1	Detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Constable	Constable	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	police	police	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	rank	rank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: music — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
D.C.: short for Italian «da capo», meaning «go back to the beginning» in sheet music.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:m5:1
# text = D.C.: short for Italian «da capo», meaning «go back to the beginning» in sheet music.
1	D.C.	D.C.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	da	da	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	capo	capo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	back	back	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	sheet	sheet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go back** *not said to happen, in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  | sheet music | to the beginning |  | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to beginning=Result |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A battery gives DC, which flows one way only.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:x1:1
# text = A battery gives DC, which flows one way only.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	DC	DC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | a battery |  | DC |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dc=Theme |
| 2 | **flow** | present |  | one way |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We visited the White House in Washington, D.C.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:x2:1
# text = We visited the White House in Washington, D.C.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	White	White	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	House	House	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Washington	Washington	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	D.C.	D.C.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | We | the White House |  | Washington  D.C. |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plug for the laptop changes AC into DC.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:x3:1
# text = The plug for the laptop changes AC into DC.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plug	plug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	laptop	laptop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	AC	AC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	DC	DC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | the plug for the laptop | AC |  |  |  | into DC *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent ac=Patient into dc=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brother collects DC comics about Batman.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:x4:1
# text = My brother collects DC comics about Batman.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	collects	collect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	DC	DC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	comics	comic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Batman	Batman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | present | My brother | DC comics |  |  |  | about Batman | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comic=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
DC Patel from the police came to our school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:x5:1
# text = DC Patel from the police came to our school.
1	DC	DC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Patel	Patel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | DC from the police |  |  | our school |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At D.C. in the music, go back to the beginning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dc:x6:1
# text = At D.C. in the music, go back to the beginning.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	D.C.	D.C.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go back** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | D.C. in the music | to the beginning |  | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to beginning=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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