---
title: deafen — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «deafen» in the school dictionary: To make so much noise that people cannot hear anything else, or can hardly hear for a while: «The music deafened us». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# deafen

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, music, you, explosion, someone, cheers · **What happens:** make, not hear, hear, deafen, damage, cheer · **To what, where:** much noise, us, hearing, them, him, one ear · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«deafen» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [deafen in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/deafen.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make so much noise that people cannot hear anything else, or can hardly hear for a while: «The music deafened us».

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deafen:m1:1
# text = To make so much noise that people cannot hear anything else, or can hardly hear for a while: «The music deafened us».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	else	else	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	hear	hear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	deafened	deafen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	parataxis	_	_
26	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | much noise |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product |
| 2 | **not** **hear** | can | people | much noise |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hear** | can |  |  |  |  | while | hardly *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **deafen** *in a quote* | past | the music | us |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent we=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To damage someone's hearing or make them deaf: «The explosion deafened him in one ear».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deafen:m2:1
# text = To damage someone's hearing or make them deaf: «The explosion deafened him in one ear».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	hearing	hearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	deaf	deaf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	explosion	explosion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	deafened	deafen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | someone's hearing |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hearing=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  | deaf *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **deafen** *in a quote* | past | the explosion | him *= he* |  | one ear |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
| 4 | **hear** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom hearing «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cheers of the crowd deafened us.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deafen:x1:1
# text = The cheers of the crowd deafened us.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cheers	cheer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	deafened	deafen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deafen** | past | the cheers of the crowd | us |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent we=Patient |
| 2 | **cheer** |  |  | the crowd |  |  |  |  | nom cheer «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fireworks were so loud they nearly deafened the dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deafen:x2:1
# text = The fireworks were so loud they nearly deafened the dog.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fireworks	firework	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	loud	loud	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	deafened	deafen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the fireworks |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **deafen** | past | fireworks *= firework* | the dog |  |  |  | nearly *property* | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent dog=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear ear defenders so the drills don't deafen you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deafen:x3:1
# text = Wear ear defenders so the drills don't deafen you.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	defenders	defender	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	drills	drill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	deafen	deafen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | ear defenders |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent defender=Source |
| 2 | **not** **deafen** | present · do-support | the drills | you |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent you=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The explosion deafened him in one ear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deafen:x4:1
# text = The explosion deafened him in one ear.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	explosion	explosion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	deafened	deafen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deafen** | past | the explosion | him *= he* |  | one ear |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent he=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a deafening roar as the rocket took off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deafen:x5:1
# text = There was a deafening roar as the rocket took off.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	deafening	deafen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	roar	roar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rocket	rocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a deafening roar |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **deafen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **take off** | past | the rocket |  |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the teacher asked who broke the window, there was a deafening silence.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deafen:x6:1
# text = When the teacher asked who broke the window, there was a deafening silence.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	11	expl	_	_
11	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	deafening	deafening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **break** | past |  | the window |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer window=Patient |
| 3 | **be** | past | a deafening silence |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He next hastened to the aviary, and was almost deafened by the clamour that rose as he shut the door behind him.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deafen:x7:1
# text = He next hastened to the aviary, and was almost deafened by the clamour that rose as he shut the door behind him.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	next	next	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	hastened	hasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	aviary	aviary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
10	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	deafened	deafen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	clamour	clamour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	shut	shut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hasten** | past · passive |  | He |  | the aviary |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme to aviary=Trajectory |
| 2 | **deafen** | past · passive | the clamour |  |  |  |  | almost *property* | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **rise** | past | the clamour |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **shut** | past | he | the door |  |  |  | behind him *= he* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent door=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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