---
title: dec — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dec» in the school dictionary: Short for December, the twelfth and last month of the year (Dec). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dec/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / dec

# dec

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** longer words, fragment, you, your, bill, graph label · **What happens:** decreased/deceas, decease, begin, decide, decorate, write · **To what, where:** lists, dec., family records, dec, top, family tree · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dec» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dec in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dec.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for December, the twelfth and last month of the year (Dec).

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dec:m1:1
# text = Short for December, the twelfth and last month of the year (Dec).
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	twelfth	twelfth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Dec	December	PROPN	NNP	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for decimal (as in «2 dec. places»).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dec:m2:1
# text = Short for decimal (as in «2 dec. places»).
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	decimal	decimal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	dec.	dec.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for decrease, or for decreased/deceased in lists and records (dec. = deceased in family records).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dec:m3:1
# text = Short for decrease, or for decreased/deceased in lists and records (dec. = deceased in family records).
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	decrease	decrease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	decreased/deceased	decreased/deceas	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	lists	list	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	records	record	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	dec.	dec.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
14	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	15	punct	_	_
15	deceased	decease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	records	record	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decreased/deceas** | participle |  |  |  | lists and records |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **decease** | participle |  | dec. *not said here* |  | family records |  |  | vn die-42.4 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fragment of longer words beginning dec-, such as decide or decorate.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dec:m4:1
# text = A fragment of longer words beginning dec-, such as decide or decorate.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fragment	fragment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	longer	long	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	dec	dec	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	12	mark	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	decide	decide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	decorate	decorate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | gerund | longer words *not said here* | dec |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dec=Eventuality |
| 2 | **decide** | infinitive | a fragment of longer words |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **decorate** | infinitive | a fragment of longer words *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write Dec as short for December.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dec:x1:1
# text = Write Dec as short for December.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	Dec	December	PROPN	NNP	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | december | as short | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as short=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Round your answer to 2 dec. places.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dec:x2:1
# text = Round your answer to 2 dec. places.
1	Round	round	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	dec.	dec.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** |  | your |  |  |  |  | to 2 dec. places | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent to=obl |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bill said «Dec» at the top.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dec:x3:1
# text = The bill said «Dec» at the top.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bill	bill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Dec	December	PROPN	NNP	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the bill |  |  | the top |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the family tree, «dec.» means deceased.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dec:x4:1
# text = In the family tree, «dec.» means deceased.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	dec.	dec.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	deceased	decease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | the family tree and dec. |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **decease** *not said to happen* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The graph label «dec» meant decrease.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dec:x5:1
# text = The graph label «dec» meant decrease.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	label	label	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	dec	dec	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	decrease	decrease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | the graph label | decrease |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent decrease=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christmas falls in Dec.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dec:x6:1
# text = Christmas falls in Dec.
1	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Dec.	December	PROPN	NNP	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | present | Christmas |  |  |  | december |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [debut](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/debut/)
- next →: [decade](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/decade/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)