---
title: december — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «december» in the school dictionary: December is the twelfth and last month of the year. It has 31 days. It comes after November; January follows it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# december

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** December, It, January, USA December, Australia, She · **What happens:** be, have, come, follow, save, leave · **To what, where:** twelfth month, it, north, many days, Christmas tree, Australia

<!-- .vabout -->
«december» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [december in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/december.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
December is the twelfth and last month of the year. It has 31 days. It comes after November; January follows it.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* December is the twelfth and last month of the year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:m1:1
# text = December is the twelfth and last month of the year.
1	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	twelfth	twelfth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | December | the twelfth month |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It has 31 days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:m1:2
# text = It has 31 days.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	31	31	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | It |  |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* It comes after November; January follows it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:m1:3
# text = It comes after November; January follows it.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	November	November	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | It |  |  |  | november |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **follow** | present | January | it |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the north (USA, UK, Canada, Ireland) December is in winter; in Australia and New Zealand it is in summer.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:m2:1
# text = In the north (USA, UK, Canada, Ireland) December is in winter; in Australia and New Zealand it is in summer.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
13	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	flat	_	_
22	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | USA December |  |  | the north |  | in winter | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Australia and New Zealand |  |  |  |  | in summer | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
December has 31 days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:x1:1
# text = December has 31 days.
1	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	31	31	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | December |  |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She saved $1 every day in December.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:x2:1
# text = She saved $1 every day in December.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	$	$	SYM	$	_	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent $=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many days of December are left after the first 20?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:x3:1
# text = How many days of December are left after the first 20?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	11	amod	_	_
11	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · passive |  | many days of December |  |  | after the first 20 |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It snowed on 12 days in December.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:x4:1
# text = It snowed on 12 days in December.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	snowed	snow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snow** | past | It |  |  |  | day; december |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In December we decorate the Christmas tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:x5:1
# text = In December we decorate the Christmas tree.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	decorate	decorate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decorate** | present | we | the Christmas tree |  |  | december |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Australia, December is hot and sunny.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:x6:1
# text = In Australia, December is hot and sunny.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | December |  |  | Australia |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | December *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
December is the last month of the year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:x7:1
# text = December is the last month of the year.
1	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | December | the last month |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school term ends in the middle of December.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:x8:1
# text = The school term ends in the middle of December.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | present | the school term |  |  | the middle of December |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vacation begins on the first of January and ends on the last day of December.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:december:x9:1
# text = Vacation begins on the first of January and ends on the last day of December.
1	Vacation	vacation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	first	first	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present | Vacation |  |  | the first of January |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **end** | present | Vacation *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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