---
title: deception — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «deception» in the school dictionary: Making someone believe something that is not true; tricking or lying. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# deception

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, trick, thief, Camouflage, magician, Online scams · **What happens:** make, believe, not be, trick, lie, fool · **To what, where:** someone, something, plumber, kind, nature, clever deception

<!-- .vabout -->
«deception» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [deception in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/deception.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making someone believe something that is not true; tricking or lying.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deception:m1:1
# text = Making someone believe something that is not true; tricking or lying.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	believe	believe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	tricking	trick	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund | you *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product |
| 2 | **believe** | imperative | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **trick** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **lie** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trick or lie that fools someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deception:m2:1
# text = A trick or lie that fools someone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	fools	fool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fool** | present | a trick or lie | someone |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thief got in by deception, pretending to be a plumber.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deception:x1:1
# text = The thief got in by deception, pretending to be a plumber.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	deception	deception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	pretending	pretend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	plumber	plumber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get in** | past | the thief |  |  |  |  | by deception | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **pretend** | gerund | the thief *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | to-infinitive | the thief *not said here* | a plumber |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Camouflage is a kind of deception in nature.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deception:x2:1
# text = Camouflage is a kind of deception in nature.
1	Camouflage	camouflage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	deception	deception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Camouflage | a kind |  | nature |  | of deception | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The magician's trick was clever deception.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deception:x3:1
# text = The magician's trick was clever deception.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	deception	deception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the magician's trick | clever deception |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **trick** |  | the magician |  |  |  |  |  | nom trick «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Online scams depend on deception.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deception:x4:1
# text = Online scams depend on deception.
1	Online	online	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	scams	scam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	depend	depend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	deception	deception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | Online scams |  |  |  |  | on deception | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on deception=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her friendly smile was a deception.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deception:x5:1
# text = Her friendly smile was a deception.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	deception	deception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Her friendly smile | a deception |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **smile** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fox used deception to trick the crow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deception:x6:1
# text = The fox used deception to trick the crow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	deception	deception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	trick	trick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the fox | deception |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deception=Patient |
| 2 | **trick** | to-infinitive | the fox *not said here* | the crow |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crow=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By their advice she wrapped a stone in baby-clothes, and Cronus, in eager haste, swallowed it, without noticing the deception.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deception:x7:1
# text = By their advice she wrapped a stone in baby-clothes, and Cronus, in eager haste, swallowed it, without noticing the deception.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	advice	advice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	wrapped	wrap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
14	Cronus	Cronus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	eager	eager	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
20	swallowed	swallow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
24	noticing	notice	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	deception	deception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrap** | past | she | a stone |  | baby clothes |  | by their advice | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stone=Theme by advice=Destination |
| 2 | **swallow** | past | Cronus | stone |  |  |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **notice** | gerund | Cronus *not said here* | the deception |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer deception=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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