---
title: declare — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «declare» in the school dictionary: To declare is to say something clearly, firmly or officially, so everyone knows. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# declare

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** everyone, war, you, judge, I, he · **What happens:** declare, be, know, start, mean, tell · **To what, where:** war, something, customs, officials, goods, country · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«declare» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [declare in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/declare.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To declare is to say something clearly, firmly or officially, so everyone knows.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:declare:m1:1
# text = To declare is to say something clearly, firmly or officially, so everyone knows.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	declare	declare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	officially	officially	ADV	RB	_	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	15	nsubj	_	_
15	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **be** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  | clearly, firmly, say *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | present | everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To declare war is to announce officially that a war is starting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:declare:m2:1
# text = To declare war is to announce officially that a war is starting.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	declare	declare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	announce	announce	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	officially	officially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	starting	start	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  | war |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | announce, officially *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **start** | present · progressive | a war |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To declare something at customs means to tell officials about goods you are bringing into a country.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:declare:m3:1
# text = To declare something at customs means to tell officials about goods you are bringing into a country.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	declare	declare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	officials	official	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	iobj	_	_
10	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	8	obl	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	bringing	bring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  | something |  | customs |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Attribute |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  | officials |  |  | about goods | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent official=Recipient about goods=Topic |
| 4 | **bring** | present · progressive | you | goods *not said here* |  | a country |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent goods=Theme into country=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge declared her the winner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:declare:x1:1
# text = The judge declared her the winner.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	declared	declare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	winner	winner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | past | the judge | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent she=Theme winner=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«I will never eat broccoli!» he declared.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:declare:x2:1
# text = «I will never eat broccoli!» he declared.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
6	broccoli	broccoli	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	declared	declare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** *in a quote* | future | I | broccoli |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent broccoli=Patient |
| 2 | **declare** *speech: other* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country declared independence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:declare:x3:1
# text = The country declared independence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	declared	declare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | past | the country | independence |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent independence=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The headteacher declared the new playground open.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:declare:x4:1
# text = The headteacher declared the new playground open.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	headteacher	headteacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	declared	declare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | past | the headteacher | the new playground |  |  |  | open *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent playground=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You must declare food at the airport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:declare:x5:1
# text = You must declare food at the airport.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	declare	declare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | must | You | food |  | the airport |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mayor declared a state of emergency after the flood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:declare:x6:1
# text = The mayor declared a state of emergency after the flood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mayor	mayor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	declared	declare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	emergency	emergency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | past | the mayor | a state of emergency |  |  | after the flood |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent state=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She declared that she was going to become an astronaut.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:declare:x7:1
# text = She declared that she was going to become an astronaut.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	declared	declare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	astronaut	astronaut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go** | past · progressive | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **become** | to-infinitive | she *not said here* | a astronaut |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now he declares that I am healed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:declare:x8:1
# text = Now he declares that I am healed.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	declares	declare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	healed	heal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | present | he |  |  |  | now |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **heal** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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